해석 좀 해주세여~ (급합니당!!)

.. Vocabulary List Microbiology mortality : Ratio of number of deaths per given population. morbidity : Number of sick persons or disease cases in relationship to specific population. nosocomial : Pertaining to hospital. Acquired infection through hospital. normal flora : The microorganisms that are more or less permanent residents of superficial tissues. There are mixed but the composition is stable. epidemiology : 1) Study of the factors determining the frequency and distribution of disease in a human population. (statistics) 2) Field of medicine that deals with the determination of specific causes of localized outbreaks of infection, poisoning, or any other disease of recognized origin. definitive identification : The definition and identification of an organism based on its morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. recurrent infection : The return of symptoms produced by a pathogenic agent after a period of latency. universal precautions : Instated by CDC. Safety precautions concerning the handling of patient materials by health care workers. HEPA filter : High efficiency Particle Air filter Used in biological saffety cabinets to trap pathogenic microorganisms. laminar flow : Separate air system for areas that contamination is possible. biosafety level 1,2,3,4 : Level 1 - Agents with no known pathogenic effects to immunocompetent individuals. Level 2 - Agents common to infectious disease, most commonly being sought in clinical specimens.(streps, staphs, beta streps, TB) Level 3 - Arboviruses and arenoviruses that are unlikely to be encountered in lab. (Arbo-very contagious, hits in the springtime) Level 4 - Arboviruses, arenoviruses. Not common in country. GRAS : Generally regarded as safe quality assurance : Activities and programs designed to achieve a desired degree or grade of care in a defined medical, nursing or health care setting or program. It includes eval‎uation and educational componets to identify and correct problems. quality control : Monitoring the techniqyes and procedures involved in the laboratory. (performance of media, reagents, instruments, products, equipment) Documentation of the results is required. DRG : Diagnosis Related Group - Federally mandated system dffective in 1983 that allowed hospitals to be reimbursed for costs based primarity on the admission and discharge diagnosis rather than on the cost of medical care generated hospitals keeping their costs low. (Medicare) CAP units : College of American Pathologists workload units. Based on amount of time each test acquires. Helps justify the number of employees. bacteriophage : Virus that infects a bacterial cell ; sometimes bringing about its lysis. axiomatic : Widely accepted, standard procedure. enrichment media : One of the various kinds of nutrient media used to encourage the growth of particular organisms among large numbers of normal flora. (Ex. selenite media which encourages a small number of stool pathogens and supresses the growth of the larger normal stool organisms) supportive media : nonselective agar - This contains nutrients that allow most nonfastidious organisms to grow at their natural rates, without affording any particular organism a growth advantage on the medium. (Ex. nutrient agar) selective media : This contains one or more agents inhibitory to all organisms except the organism being sought ; some use dyes or antibiotics. (Ex. Mannitol salt agar) differential media : Media that permit ready recognition of a particular organism or group of organisms by virtue of facilitating recognition of a natural product of organism being sought or by incorporating an appropriate substrate and indicator system so organism possessing certain enzymes can easilybe recognized. (Can identify different species, and narrow them down) Enriched media : Media, usually liquid, that favor the growth of one or more organisms while suppressing most of competing flora in a specimen with a mixture of organisms. Add other agents to media so organisms you want to grow will grow at a faster rate, and stops what you don't want to grow. aerobic atmosphere : This is atmosphere filled with oxygen. An example is room air (ambient air) anaerobic atmosphere : Complete absence of air. microaerophilic atmosphere : Under reduced oxygen tension (lower than that of ambient air). facultative anaerobe : Microorganism that grows under either anaerobic or aerobic conditions. capnophilic : Term used to describe microorganisms that prefer an incubation atmosphere with increase CO₂concentration. (Ex. Haemophilus) humidophilic : Organisms preferring or requiring an increased moisture content, can be achieved by placing cultures in sealed jars or bags. (Ex. Campylobacter) obliqate anaerobe : Those bacteria that fail to multiply on a surface of nutritionally adequate solid media incubated in room air or in a CO₂incubator. They die in presence of O₂. Have to have anaerobic atmosphere.