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[차설학회장[04]]

 

Lisening

Part I 기출 동사 어휘별 문장 모음

djusting: Hes adjusting the dials on a television set.

djusting: Shes adjusting the light.

are: People are on both sides of a long table.

l  Are: The children are outside in the snow.

l  Are: The houses are all identical.

l  Are: There are buildings near a lake.

l  Are: There are cardboard boxes on the stack.

l  Are: There are flowers on the table.

l  Are: There are houses on one side of the street.

l  Are: There are houses on the hillside.

l  Are: There are lights in the center of the room.

l  Are: There are many books placed on the shelves.

l  Are: There are many boxes in the warehouse.

l  Are: There are many trees along the shoreline.

l  Are: There are many windows on the side of the barn.

l  Are: There are no trees by the path.

l  Are: There are several people sitting on the bench.

l  Are: They are in a room with a nice view.

l  Are: Theyre all outdoor platform.

l  Are: Theyre both busy writing.

l  Are: Theyre on the training course.

l  Are: Tourists are inside a museum.

l  Asking: The woman is asking the police officer for help.

l  Assembling: They are assembling their bicycles.

l  Attending: People are attending a groundbreaking ceremony.

l  Beginning: The curtain is beginning to rise.

l  Being built: A wall is being built.

l  Being carried: The pots are being carried outside to dry.

l  Being demolished: The building is being demolished.

l  Being interviewed: One woman is being interviewed.

l  Being lifted: The pots are being lifted on to the shelf.

l  Being opened: The letter is being opened.

l  Being placed: Wiring is being placed underground.

l  Being pulled: Bicycles are being pulled behind the vehicle.

l  Being pumped: Fuel is being pumped into the car.

l  Being resurfaced: The road is being resurfaced.

l  Being towed: The van is being towed him for repair.

l  Being used: Both telephones are being used.

l  Being watered: The plants are being watered.

l  Bending over: The man is bending over a drinking fountain.

l  Between: The boat is between the trees.

l  Blocking: The rocks are blocking the pathway.

l  Blocking: A tree trunk is blocking the road.

l  Boarding: Hes boarding the train.

l  Boarding: Hes boarding up the doorway.

l  Boarding: The passengers are boarding the train.

l  Boating: People are boating on the river.

l  Caring: They are caring for flowerbed.

l  Carrying: Theyre carrying buckets.

l  Carving: Hes carving a sculpture out of wood.

l  Chairs: Most of the chairs are occupied.

l  Checking: Theyre checking information from reference books.

l  Chopping up: Theyre chopping up food in the kitchen.

l  Cleaning: Shes cleaning up in the kitchen.

l  Cleaning: Theyre cleaning the gardening tools.

l  Climbing: The man is chasing a mouse.

l  Climbing: The man is climbing a ladder.

l  Climbing: Theyre climbing a mountain.

l  Closed: The curtains in room are closed.

l  Closing: Theyre closing the curtains.

l  Collecting: The train conductor is collecting tickets.

l  Coming out of: The campers are coming out of the forests.

l  Comparing: Hes comparing clothing prices.

l  Completed: The construction of a building is completed.

l  Copying: She's copying a document.

l  Crossing: Theyre crossing the tracks.

l  Crowded: The station is crowded.

l  Crying: The baby is crying while the girl's smiling.

l  Dancing: Hes dancing to the music.

l  Decorated: The hall is decorated with balloons.

l  Decorating: Theyre decorating the office.

l  Directing: The police officers directing traffic.

l  Displayed: Loaves of bread are displayed here.

l  Displaying: Hes displaying the pictures at his photo polio.

l  Disposing: Shes disposing up some litter.

l  Drawing: They are drawing bows across the strings.

l  Dressed: The musicians are dressed formally.

l  Dressed: The people are all dressed alike.

l  Drinking: One of the men is drinking from the glass.

l  Drinking: Some of them are drinking some water.

l  Drinking: The woman is drinking something.

l  Drinking: Two women are drinking coffee.

l  Enjoying: The audience is enjoying the music.

l  Enjoying: They are enjoying the view from the rocks.

l  Examining: The doctor is examining the patient.

l  Examining: The doctor is examining the patients foot.

l  Explaining: One man is explaining something to the other.

l  Exposed: The frame of a building is exposed.

l  Fenced: The land near the barn is fenced.

l  Filled with: The shelves are filled with various kinds of pots.

l  Filled with: The store is filled with customers.

l  Filling in: He's filing in a form.

l  Filling out: The boy is filling out a medical form.

l  Fishing in: People are fishing in the water's edge.

l  Focusing: Shes focusing her camera.

l  Folding: Hes folding some papers in half.

l  Folding: The man is folding a chair.

l  Full of: The stadium is full of fan.

l  Gathered around: People gathered around the large table.

l  Gathered near: Several people are gathered near a table.

l  Gesturing: The man is gesturing as he is addressing the audience.

l  Giving: The doctor is giving a patient a pill.

l  Giving: They are giving a concert.

l  Goes through: The train goes through the wood.

l  Going out: The performers are going out to dinner.

l  Going through: Shes going through some papers.

l  Greeting: Theyre greeting each other with a hands shake.

l  Growing: The plants are growing in rows.

l  Handing: One woman is handing her business card to the other.

l  Hang up: The girl is about to hang up the phone.

l  Hanging from: Lights are hanging from the ceiling.

l  Hanging up: The man is hanging up some books overhead.

l  Hanging: The woman is hanging a picture.

l  Hanging: They are hanging some pictures on the wall.

l  Has been cleared: The factory floor has been cleared.

l  Has been laid out: Some laboratory equipment has been laid out on the counter.

l  Has begun: The performance has begun.

l  Has eaten: The customer has eaten his food.

l  Has taken off: The man has taken off his necktie.

l  Has: Each of the houses has only one story.

l  Has: The man has a beard and a mustache.

l  Has: The room has a large conference table.

l  Has: The woman has a handbag on the right.

l  Have been cut: Most of the trees have been cut down.

l  Have been left: Machines have been left on the construction site.

l  Have been planted: Trees have been planted all around the house.

l  Have been turned on: The lights on tower have been turned on.

l  Have fallen: The cartons have fallen over.

l  Have finished: The workers have finished painting the house.

l  Have gathered: The performers have gathered in a circle.

l  Have left: All the people have left the room.

l  Have lost: Most of the trees have lost their leaves.

l  Having: Shes having a prescription to a patient.

l  Having: Shes having her vision tested.

l  Having: The couple is having a discussion.

l  Having: The people are having a light dinner.

l  Having: They are having dinner together.

l  Heading: The pedestrians are heading toward the archway.

l  Hiking up: Theyre hiking up the mountain.

l  Holding: All of the women are holding drink.

l  Holding: Hes holding a wire as he climbs.

l  Holding: The woman is holding a small dog.\

l  Holding: The woman is holding some wires.

l  Holding: The woman is holding the door open.

l  Is: Hes at the keyboard.

l  Is: Hes suitcase is on the floor.

l  Is: The competition is over.

l  Is: The land in this area is very flat.

l  Is: The lobby is bright and spacious.

l  Is: The phone is out of order.

l  Is: The water is very calm.

l  Is: There's a door in the corner of the room.

l  Is: There is a picture on the wall.

l  Is: This is a construction site.

l  Is: This is a parking garage.

l  Is: This is a shopping area.

l  Is: This is an indoor market.

l  Jogging: Shes jogging around the track.

l  Laughing: Everyone in the room is laughing.

l  Laying: The men are laying wheels on the ground.

l  Leaning against: The drivers are leaning against the trucks.

l  Leaning against: The man is leaning against wall.

l  Leaning against: Theyre leaning against bookcase.

l  Leaning: Both men are leaning on truck.

l  Leaning: Hes leaning against the wall.

l  Leaving through: Theyre leaving through the front door.

l  Leaving: The hikers leaving the forest.

l  Leaving: They are leaving the stage.

l  Lecturing: Hes lecturing to some arts students.

l  Left: Some bicycles are left by the train.

l  Lifting: Hes lifting the lid of the piano.

l  Lifting: Shes lifting a large container.

l  Lined up: Rolls of paper are lined up on the floor.

l  Lined up: The trucks are lined up along the road.

l  Located: Statues are located in an outdoor area.

l  Locked: The doors of the train are locked.

l  Looking at: Hes looking at items in a display case.

l  Looking at: Hes looking at the notices.

l  Looking at: Theyre looking at computer screen.

l  Looking at: Two men are looking at the blue print.

l  Looking in: The women are looking in the baskets.

l  Looking into: The man is looking into the telescope.

l  Looking out: They are looking out the window.

l  Looking through: The woman is looking through the microscope.

l  Lying: Hes lying on the bed.

l  Making: One of the people is making a phone call.

l  Making: The bus is making a stop at the station.

l  Making: The lady is making a copy.

l  Marking: Shes marking a date on a calendar.

l  Measuring: Shes measuring some fabric.

l  Moving: A crane is moving material to the top of a building.

l  Moving: One of the men is moving the furniture.

l  Moving: They are moving a desk through the doorway.

l  Mowing: They are mowing the lawn.

l  Needs: The man needs a lot of patience.

l  Occupied: Several seats are occupied.

l  Occupied: The boom is not occupied.

l  Opening: A man is opening a window.

l  Opening: Hes opening the door.

l  Opening: Hes opening up the package.

l  Opening: Theyre opening the window to let in some fresh air.

l  Ordering: He's ordering new parts for an engine.

l  Ordering: They are ordering some food in a restaurant.

l  Overlook: The houses overlook the water.

l  Packing: A lot of workers are unpacking containers.

l  Packing: Shes packing up her belongings.

l  Packing: Theyre packing reading materials to each other.

l  Painting: A man is painting a road sign.

l  Painting: Theyre painting the ceiling.

l  Participating: They are participating in a bike race.

l  Passes through: The road passes through the forests.

l  Perched: Some birds are perched on a lion's head.

l  Picking up: Hes picking up a ball.

l  Picking up: The men are picking up litter.

l  Piling: Hes piling luggage on a cart.

l  Piling: They are piling the newspapers.

l  Pinning on: Theyre pinning on their nametags.

l  Placing: Shes placing the lid on the box.

l  Playing out: The performers are playing out in the fields.

l  Playing: A musician is playing a flute.

l  Playing: Hes playing a musical instrument.

l  Playing: Hes playing a sport.

l  Playing: Hes playing an instrument.

l  Playing: Hes playing his guitar.

l  Playing: The children are playing on the swings.

l  Playing: They are playing music together.

l  Playing: Theyre playing in a state park.

l  Pointing: Shes pointing at an image.

l  Posting: Hes posting a sign.

l  Preparing: They are preparing some food in the kitchen.

l  Pulling out: The train is pulling out of the station.

l  Pulling: A man is pulling a cable.

l  Pulling: Hes pulling on a glove.

l  Purchasing: Hes purchasing bags for a trip.

l  Pushing: Hes pushing a swing.

l  Pushing: Shes pushing a cart across the floor.

l  Putting away: The performers are putting away their instruments.

l  Putting: Shes putting on her lap.

l  Putting: Shes putting the newspaper away.

l  Putting: The boy is putting off his socks.

l  Putting: They are putting the violins away.

l  Racing: Some boats are racing to the port.

l  Reaching: Hes reaching to pick up a tool.

l  Reading: Hes reading at his desk.

l  Reading: One man is reading while the other is writing.

l  Reading: She's reading a newspaper.

l  Reading: The two men are reading some articles in the paper.

l  Refilling: An attendant is refilling the car.

l  Reflected: Buildings are reflected in the water.

l  Relaxing: Hes relaxing in a room.

l  Relaxing: The people are relaxing in the sofa.

l  Relaxing: They are relaxing by the water.

l  Relaxing: Theyre relaxing in an armchair.

l  Repaired: The engines are being repaired.

l  Repairing: Hes repairing a hold in the roof.

l  Repairing: Hes repairing a tractor part.

l  Repairing: Hes repairing the coat rack.

l  Replacing: Shes replacing the lit on a dish.

l  Resting: Hes resting his chin in his hand.

l  Resting: Shes resting her chin on her hand.

l  Returning: The attendant is returning the guest coat.

l  Riding: Hes riding a horse in the pasture.

l  Riding: People are riding bicycles are on the street.

l  Rinsing: Shes rinsing out a mop.

l  Rise above: Factory chimneys rise above the village.

l  Running in: The wires are running in several directions.

l  Runs through: A stream runs through the field.

l  Scrubbing: People are scrubbing the steps.

l  Serving: The man is serving food to the woman.

l  Serving: The waitress is serving a customer.

l  Set up: The chairs are set up in rows.

l  Setting: Shes setting the table.

l  Setting: The men are setting a table.

l  Shaded: The path is entirely shaded by trees.

l  Shaking hands: Two of the men are shaking hands.

l  Sharing: The workers are sharing the office space.

l  Sharpening: Shes sharpening a pencil.

l  Shopping for: Two women are shopping for some food.

l  Should deposit: They should deposit used parts here.

l  Signing: He's signing a contract.

l  Singing: Hes singing with the band.

l  Singing: They are singing a new trade deal.

l  Sipping: Hes sipping a cup of tea.

l  Sipping: The woman is sipping a cup of coffee.

l  Sitting: A family is sitting down for a meal.

l  Sitting: Hes sitting in the park.

l  Sitting: Hes sitting on a large desk.

l  Sitting: People are sitting around a large table.

l  Sitting: Shes sitting at the table.

l  Sitting: Shes sitting by a window.

l  Sitting: Shes sitting on a chair to chat for a while.

l  Sitting: Some of them are sitting on the floor.

l  Sitting: The clients are sitting in a circle.

l  Sitting: The family is sitting down to have a meal.

l  Sitting: The two men are sitting next to each other.

l  Sitting: The woman is sitting at the keyboard.

l  Sitting: They are sitting around a long table.

l  Sketching: Hes sketching a work of art.

l  Smiling: The woman behind the counter is smiling.

l  Speaking: One of the women is speaking to another.

l  Speaking: The man is speaking to the woman.

l  Standing behind: Theyre standing behind the desk.

l  Standing: Hes standing at a public telephone.

l  Standing: Hes standing to make a point.

l  Standing: Many boats are standing in the water.

l  Standing: One of the men is standing on a ladder.

l  Standing: She's standing in a telephone booth.

l  Standing: They are standing facing each other.

l  Standing: They are standing on a stage.

l  Started: It started to rain.

l  Stepped out of: The driver has stepped out of the car.

l  Stepping: A lion is stepping down from a platform.

l  Stopped: A car is stopped at the gate.

l  Strolling: Some people are strolling along the path.

l  Studying: The woman is studying the menu.

l  Supervising: He's supervising a team of mechanics.

l  Swimming: Shes swimming in an outside lake.

l  Swimming: The girl and baby are swimming in the river.

l  Taking: Shes taking a break on the stairs.

l  Taking: Shes taking an umbrella from her bag.

l  Taking: The concert is taking place outdoors.

l  Taking: The man is taking his dog for a walk.

l  Taking: The tourists are taking a rest on the benches.

l  Taking: The workers are taking paper form the cabinet.

l  Talking: Hes talking to a clerk in a department store.

l  Talking: She's talking on the telephone.

l  Talking: The man is talking on the phone.

l  Talking: The man is talking on the phone.

l  Talking: The woman is talking on a wireless phone.

l  Talking: They are talking to one another.

l  Tasting: The man is tasting the soup.

l  The barber is trimming the customer󰡑s hair.

l  Ting: Shes ting on her apron.

l  Towing: The girl and baby are towing a barge.

l  Trimming: One man is trimming the other man's hair.

l  Trying: Hes trying on a suit.

l  Trying: Hes trying on a watch.

l  Trying: Hes trying to get over the wall.

l  Under construction: The building is under construction.

l  Unloading: The workers are unloading the trucks.

l  Using: He's using a keyboard.

l  Using: One man is using the hammer.

l  Using: The woman is using a sewing machine.

l  Waiting for: Theyre waiting for a train.

l  Waiting: Some people are waiting to pay for their groceries.

l  Waiting: The people are waiting outside a hotel.

l  Waiting: The people are waiting the food.

l  Waiting: The people are waiting to be served.

l  Walked passed: The couple has just walked passed the police office.

l  Walking down: Theyre walking down the hall.

l  Walking up: Theyre walking up the stairs.

l  Walking: He's walking through a factory.

l  Walking: Hes walking on the path.

l  Walking: They are walking in a garden.

l  Washing: Hes washing his hands.

l  Watching: The girl and baby are watching something in the water.

l  Watching: The man is watching television.

l  Wearing: All of them are wearing glasses.

l  Wearing: Hes wearing a ring.

l  Wearing: One of the men is wearing glasses.

l  Wearing: Shes wearing glasses and a lab coat.

l  Wearing: The man is wearing a striped shirt.

l  Wearing: The man is wearing a suit.

l  Wearing: The men are all wearing hats.

l  Weighing: The woman is weighing the man's luggage.

l  Wiping: Theyre wiping coffee from the tables.

l  Wiring: The men are wiring an appliance.

l  Working at: Theyre working at the station.

l  Working on: Theyre working on a roof.

l  Working: Hes working on the cables.

l  Working: Hes working on the computer.

l  Working: Men and women are working together.

l  Working: Shes working at a drawing table.

l  Working: The fishermen are working together.

l  Working: The man is working on a computer.

l  Working: They are working in a garden.

l  Working: They are working in a warehouse.

l  Working: They are working near the wire.

l  Working: They are working together harmoniously.

l  Writing: He's writing on a board.

l  Writing: Hes writing something on the paper.

l  Writing: One man is writing something on the white board.

l  Writing: Shes writing a note.

   Part 1 필수 표현

          

           제 1 장. 동작에 관련된 표현

1. The woman is looking at a specimen. (표본)

2. She's peering through the lens.      (자세히 보다, 눈여겨보다)

3. They've gathered together in a circle. (원모양으로)

4. They've removed their jackets. (벗다) ◇ ① wear : 입은 상태 중시 ② put on : 입는 동작 중시

5. He's relaxing outside by the tree. (=rest : 쉬다)

6. The woman is trying on a pair of shoes. (신어보다)

7. The workers are arranging the chairs in rows.(줄지어)

8. He's kneeling down to do his work. (무릎꿇다)

9. The maid is making the bed. (잠자리를 정리하다)

10. The woman is supported by crutches. (목발)

11. The women are shaking hands across the table. (악수하다)

12. She is reaching for an item on the shelf. (손을 뻗다)

13. The man is standing to make a point. (설명하다)

14. The woman is plugging in the cord. (코드를 꼽다)

15. One man is pointing to a document.     (=pointing at : 손으로 가리키다)

16. The men are standing next to each other. (나란히)

◇  behind one another (줄지어)     on top of one another (차곡차곡)

17. The men are applauding the speaker.  (=clap : 박수치다)

18. She's distributing the letters to office staff. (=hand out : 나누어주다)

19. The woman is addressing an audience. (연설하다)

20. The two people are making a formal presentation.  (발표하다, 연설하다)

21. She's sealing a box with tape.  (봉하다)

22. She's pressing a label onto an envelope.  (붙이다)23. She's paying the cashier. (캐셔)

24. The women are admiring the plants.

25. People are fishing from the sides of the boat.   (~에서 낚시하다)

26. People are seated around the tables. (앉다)

27. They're involved in a discussion.   (연루하다)

 = One man is explaining something to another. 

 = The man and the woman are having a private talk   (잡담하다)

28. He's protecting his face with a mask. (보호하다)

29. He‘s reaching to pick up the tools. (집다)30. He's picking some flowers. (따다)

31. He's planting some bushes. (심다)32. He's doing two things at once. (동시에)

33. A shopkeeper is watering some flowers. (물 주다)

34. The man and woman are facing each other.   (마주보다)

35. The woman is adjusting the microscope. (조정하다)

36. The woman is operating a sewing machine. (재봉틀)

37. The woman is sewing a garment.       (재봉질하다)

38. The passengers are leaning over the railing.  (~에 기대다)

39. She is holding an envelope in her hand. (들고 있다)

40. She is buttoning her coat.           (단추를 잠그다)

41. He's loading boxes onto the truck.   (싣다)

42. The steps lead down to the houses. (길이 ~로 통하다)

43. One of the men is drinking from his glass.  (~로 마시다)

44. A woman is holding up a dress.   (높이 들다)

45. She's resting her chin in her hand. (턱을 고이고 있다)

46. Passengers are boarding the bus. (탑승하다)

47. The men are enjoying the view from the rock. (경치를 보다)

48. The woman is unfolding the chairs.  (접다)49. They're unpacking their suitcases.    (열다)

50. One man is setting the table.        (상 차리다)

51. The awards are being framed.        (액자에 넣다)

52. The women are taking photographs outdoors. (사진 찍다)

53. The woman is paying for her purchases. (계산하다)

54. The shopper is inspecting a jacket.       (검사하다)

55. The woman is weighing some goods on the scale.  (무게를 달다)

56. The woman is adjusting the mirrors.   (조정하다)

57. They're rearranging the furniture.      (재배치하다)

58. The workers are arranging the food. (가지런히 하다)

59. He's fastening a name tag on his jacket.    (이름표)

60. They're pinning on their name tags.   (핀으로 달다)

61. The men are putting on coats.                (입다)

62. They're concentrating on their game.     (집중하다)

63. They're scrubbing the steps.              (문지르다)

64. They're polishing the handrail.           (윤을 내다)

65. She's checking her reflection in the mirror. (거울에 비친 모습)

66. The women are taking notes.             (필기하다)

67. The cup is being rinsed with water.        (헹구다)

68. The water has just been turned off.          (끄다)

69. The water has overflowed onto the floor. (범람하다)

70. The plates are being stacked in the sink. (=pile:쌓다)

71. The children are outside in the snow.      (눈밭에)

72. They're hiking up the mountain.          (등산하다)

73. The presenter is using a projector.         (영사기)

74. A certain man is walking along the pier.      (부두)

75. She's trimming the branches of the tree.    (다듬다)

76. She's feeding the birds on the riverbank.먹이를 주다)

77. The cleaners are vacuuming the carpet.    (진공 청소하다)

78. She's disposing of some litter.      (쓰레기)79. She's placing the lid on the box.      (뚜껑)

80. The painter is balanced on the ladder.   (사다리)

81. The vehicle has been elevated for repairs.  (차량)82. She's lifting a large container. (높이다)

83. People are strolling along the path. (걷다)

84. The children are playing on the swings.(그네) ◇ flying a kite(연 날리다)

85. The woman is arranging some flowers.     (꽃꽃이하다)

86. He is taking a break in the sun.(양지에서)87. He is taking off his work boots.(벗다)

88. He's dining by himself.(=alone : 혼자서)89. She's ironing the sheets.(=press : 다리미질하다)

90. She's looking in the cash register. (들여다 보다) ◇ look out : 내다 보다

91. She's looking through some papers. (조사하다)92. He's mopping the floor.  (바닥을 닦다)

93. The woman has gloves on. (착용한)

94. Theyre sitting across the table from each other.  (마주보고)

95. The man is looking at some diagrams.       (도표)

96. He's taking notes about the newspaper story.  (메모하다)

97. The spectators are standing along the race course. (구경꾼)

     제 2 장. 정물․경치에 관한 표현

1. Crops are planted in rows on the hillside.    (농작물)

2. Only a few seats remain empty.           (비어있다)

3. The wires run in several directions.

                            (여러 갈래로, 여러 방향으로)

4. The landscape in this area is dry and rocky.   (풍경)

5. The lobby is bright and spacious.              (넓은)

6. The trees have lost all their leaves.                    (나뭇잎 - leaf의 복수형)

7. The leaves are piled up on the steps of the houses.     (쌓이다)

8. The branches of the tree are bare.         (나뭇가지)

9. The house is at the bottom of the hill.  (언덕아래에)

10. The houses are built in a similar style.   (같은 모양으로)

11. The buildings in this area have many stories. (고층)

12. There are many modern skyscrapers.(고층건물)

13. The shelves are filled with various kinds of pots. (선반)

14. A variety of flowers are for sale.(다양한)15. The store sells a variety of produce. (농산물)

16. Tables and chairs are arranged on the patio.    (파티오 ;파라솔이 있는 쉬는 공간)

17. The newspapers are lying on the ground. (놓여있다)

18. The roof of the house is completely flat.    (평평한)

19. Construction of the building is in progress. (진행 중)

20. The cattle are standing out in a pasture.  (목장에서)

21. The houses overlook the water.       (내려다보이다)

22. The trail winds around the mountain. (굽이굽이 흐르다)

23. The road runs through the countryside.  (시골)

24. The forest is dense in these mountains.     (빽빽한)

25. The walls in the area are completely blank (비어있는)

26. A cloth has been spread across the table.   (펼치다)

27. There are many windows along the side of the barn.(헛간)

28. A farmer is plowing his crops in the field.   (농작물)

29. The bicycles have been left next to the tracks. (철도)

30. The land near the barn is fenced.       (울타리치다)

31. The tables are partially shaded. (부분적으로 그늘진)

32. The cattle are standing out in a pasture.      (목장)

33. There's a bicycle path beside the river.         (길)

34. There are some bicycles on display in the window.(진열된)

35. The wires run in several direction. (방향이 ~으로 향해 있다)

   Part 1 필수 표현

    제 3 장. 도로․교통에 관련된 표현

1. The passengers are boarding the train.     (탑승하다)

2. There are many pedestrians in front of the stores.(보행자)

3. The train is gathering speed.           (속도를 내다)

4. The traveller is carrying a lot of luggage.    (나르다)

5. The driver has stepped out of the car.      (내리다)◇ get out of the car (내리다)

   get into a car (타다) - 승용차, 택시 따위에 관련   get on a bus (타다)      

   get off the bus (내리다) - 버스, 기차 따위에 관련

6. An attendant is refueling the car.  = put fuel into the car = fill a car with fuel(주유하다)

7. The police officer is directing traffic. (교통 정리하다)

8. There is standing room only on the streetcar.  (입석)

9. The tugboat is pulling a barge on the river.  (견인선)

10. The street is closed to all vehicles.       (폐쇄되다)

11. The cars are going in several directions (여러 방향으로)

12. The road can accomodate only a single lane of traffic   (수용하다)

13. Taxis are not allowed in this neighborhood.

14. There's a lot of traffic on the roadway.

15. The ropes have been tied to the boat. (~에 묶여있다)

16. The bus is at the intersection.  (교차로17. The vehicle is being towed away. (견인되다)

18. The vehicle is stuck in traffic.(교통 정체되다)

19. Many boats are standing in the water.(~이 있다)20. The sailors are raising the sails (돛)

21. The sailboats are racing to the port. (경주하다)

22. Trucks are lined up behind one another (줄지어)

23. Many freighters are heading out to sea.(화물선)

24. A man is rowing a boat toward the ship.(노를 젓다)

25. The storm is tossing the boats on the water.

26. They're waiting in line with their luggage. (줄서다)

27. The airplane is landing at the airport.     (착륙하다)

28. The ground crew is guiding the pilot.     (인도하다)

29. The airplane is stopped at the terminal.     (터미널)

30. The aircraft is approaching the airport.      (항공기)

31. The ship is docked at a city port.        (정박하다)

32. The car is parked next to the curb.    (도로의) 연석

     제 4 장. 식당에 관련된 표현

1. Several seats are occupied.         (자리를 차지하다)

2. The waitress is serving a customer.      (서빙 하다)

3. She's studying the menu.              (메뉴를 보다)

4. The woman is pouring tea into cups.           (붓다)

5. They're stirring the food in the pot.           (젓다)

6. Most of the people have plates in their hand.   (접시)

7. There are several piles of plates.         (접시더미)

8. He's sipping a cup of coffee.              (홀짝이다)

9. The waiter is taking their order for dinner. (주문 받다)

10. He is placing his order.   (주문하다)11. He is tasting the soup.   (맛보다)

12. They are helping themselves to the food. (셀프 서비스하다)

     제 5 장. 이발소에 관련된 표현

1. The barber is trimming the man's hair.      (다듬다)

2. The customer is having his hair shampooed.(샴푸하다)

3. The customer is having his moustache cut.  (콧수염)  ◇ beard (턱수염)

4. The man is having his haircut.                (이발)

5. The hairdresser is attending to a client (시중들다 = wait on)

6. A woman is having her fingernails painted (메니큐를 바르다)

     제 6 장. 병원에 관련된 표현

1. The man is examining the patient. (환자를 진찰하다)

2. The woman is seeing a patient.    (환자를 진찰하다)

3. The patient is about to have a chest x-ray.

4. The patient is having her pulse checked.       (맥박)

     제 7 장. 사무실에 관련된 표현

1. He's positioning the documents on the machine.(놓다)

2. He's discussing his work with a colleague.     (동료)

3. The workers are sharing the office space.  (공유하다)

4. The woman is working on the computer.  (작업하다)

     제 8 장. 실험실에 관련된 표현

1. She's using laboratory equipment.         (실험도구)

2. The technician is checking a sample.        (기술자)

3. The test tubes are being labeled.            (시험관)

4. The bottles are lined up on the shelf.   (줄지어 있다)

5. The technician is rinsing the equipment.     (헹구다)

6. She's wearing glasses and a lab coat.    (하얀 가운)

7. Some equipment has been laid out on the counter.  (놓여있다)

          제 9 장. 연주하는 모습

1. A musician is playing a flute.              (연주하다)

2. He's playing a musical instrument.            (악기)

3. The band is performing on stage.  (연주하다, 공연하다)

4. The conductor is leading the group.          (지휘자)

5. They're singing in a choir.                  (합창단)

          제 10 장. 공사하는 모습

1. He's using a hammer in his work.             (망치)

2. The workers have removed their helmets.      (벗다)

3. Each individual is holding a shovel.              (삽)

4. The men are improving the roadway.      (개선하다)

5. The frame of the roof has been prepared. (뼈대, 골조)

6. Several trucks have been parked next to the building  (주차하다)

7. He's nailing a notice to a board.    (못으로 ~을 박다)

8. The surface of the road is being smoothed.   (고르다)

9. He is protecting his face with a mask.     (보호하다)

10. A man is pushing a wheelbarrow.  (바퀴하나 달린 수레)

11. Construction is going on at the site.  (=in progress : 진행중)

12. helmet

            제 11 장. 수영장 모습

1. The man is diving into the pool          (다이빙하다)

2. The pool is not very crowded.       (=busy : 붐비다)

3. People are swimming in a lake.                (호수)

4. People are sunbathing on a beach.       (일광욕하다)

5. People are fishing at the water's edge.        (물가)

         제 12 장. 우체국에서

1. A stamp is being placed on a letter.          (붙이다)

2. She is pressing a label onto an envelope.       (라벨)

3. A letter is being given to a postal worker. (우체국 직원)

4. An envelope is being opened.    (봉투)5. A package is being inspected.  (소포, 짐)

         제 13 장. 전화하는 모습

1. All of the public phones are in use.          (사용중)

2. She is making a call from one of the phones.  (전화하다)

3. A few people are placing phone calls.     (전화하다)

4. She's placing a coin in a machine.     (동전을 넣다)

5. He's hanging up the telephone.                (끊다)

6. Neither of the phones is being used at the moment.(사용하다)

        part Ⅰ 핵심 문장 200 選

           -  이것만은 반드시 익히자  -

Part Ⅰ의 시험 요령

     문제지를 받는 순간부터 part Ⅲ와 part Ⅳ의 문제를 읽어 두어야 한다. 파본 검사 등은 할 필요가 없고 특히, 복잡한 문장 등을 잘 읽어 두어야 할 것이다. partⅠ의 direction (1분 15초소요)이 다 끝나면 그림 묘사문제를 풀기 시작하면 된다. 그림 묘사는 총 20문제로 구성되어 있다. 문제마다 답이 확인될 때까지 모든 choice에 집중해서 들어야 한다. 생각보다 빠르다는 느낌이 들것이므로 평소에 빠른 속도의 tape으로 공부하는 것이 바람직하다. 20문제 중 목표는 평균 19개가 나올 수 있을 때까지 겸손하게 학습해야 할 것이다. 또한 L.C. 시험 보는 동안 R.C.를 미리 푸는 것은 개인적인 생각으로 바람직하지 못하다. L.C. 시간엔 L.C.에 최선을 다하자.     L.C.를 잘 하는 사람은 전체의미가 무엇인지를 들을 줄 안다. 초보들은 단어 위주로 듣기 때문에 함정에 잘 걸리곤 한다. 특히 유사발음이나 또는 여러 가지 의미가 있는 단어들을 조심해야 할 것이다. 또한 다음에 나오는 문장은 앞으로 매월 나오는 문장일 것이므로 잘 숙지하길 바란다.

        1.  사람의 동작 묘사

1.  She is adjusting the mirror.  (조정하다)

2.  The woman is addressing an audience. (연설하다)

3.  The woman is arranging some flowers. (꽃꽃이하다)

4.  The woman is arranging food on the table.   (가지런히 정리하다)

5.  The books are arranged on the shelves.    (가지런히 정돈하다)

6.  The man is doing two things at once.  (동시에)

7.  The man is bending over to pick up something.    (앞으로 숙이다)

8.  People are boarding the train.  (타다)

9.  He's dining by himself.     (=alone : 혼자서)

10. The audience is clapping for the players.  (손뼉치다)

    = The men are applauding the speaker.

11. The conductor is leading the group.  (지휘자, 차장)

12. The avenue is crowded with people.  (붐비다)

13. The police officer is directing traffic. (교통 정리하다)

14. She is drinking from a cup.  (마시다)

15. The woman is examining a patient.  (진찰하다)

16. They are facing each other.  (마주 보고 있다)

17. She is feeding the animal.  (먹이를 먹이다)

18. He is waiting to pay for his groceries.  (식료품)

19. The workers are wearing their helmets.  (헬멧)

20. She is holding up a dress.  (들고 있다)

21. He's kneeling down to do his work. (무릎꿇다)

22. She's wearing glasses and a lab coat.    (하얀 가운)

23. The painter is balanced on the ladder.    (사다리)

24. He is leaning on the railing.  (기대다=lean against)

25. She's placing the lid on the box.  (뚜껑)

26. She's lifting a large container.    (높이다)

27. They are lined up against the wall.  (줄 서다)

28. She's disposing of some litter.    (쓰레기)

29. He is loading boxes onto the truck.  (짐을 싣다)

    cf) Some equipment has already been unloaded.     (짐을 내리다)

30. He is making a presentation.  (발표하다)

31. He is standing to make a point. (설명하다)

32. The maid is making the bed.  (침대를 정돈하다)

33. He's mopping the floor.   (바닥을 닦다)

34. All the seats are occupied (taken)  (차지하다)

35. The woman is ordering her meal.  (주문하다)

    cf) The waiter is taking her order.  (주문을 받다)

36. The woman has an open book.  (책을 보고 있다)

37. She's paying the cashier.   (캐셔)

    cf) The woman is paying for her purchases.        (계산하다)

38. She is using a pay phone.  (공중전화=public phone)  (= The phone is in use.)

39. They are performing outdoors.  (공연하다)  (N) performance  (공연, 연주)

40. He‘s reaching to pick up the tools. (집다)

    cf)  He's picking some flowers. (따다)

41. A certain man is walking along the pier.      (부두)

42. The man is pointing at the document.  (손으로 가리키다= point to)

43. The waiter is pouring water for the customer. (붇다)

44. The presenter is using a projector.  (영사기)

45. He is putting fuel in the vehicle.  (주유하다)

46. The man is raking the leaves.  (갈퀴로 긁어모으다)

47. He is reaching for something on the shelf.  (뭔가를 잡으려고 팔을 뻗다)

48. They are rearranging the furniture.  (다시 배열하다)

49. The woman is looking at her reflection in the   mirror. (투영 ; 거울에 비친 모습)

50. People are relaxing by the river.  (쉬다) (= rest,   take a break)

51. The woman is resting her chin on her hand.  (턱을 고이고 있다)

52. They are removing their jackets.  (벗다)

53. The technician is rinsing the equipment.  (헹구다)

54. The people are saluting the flag.  (경례하다)

55. The waiter is setting the table.  (상 차리다)

56. She is scrubbing the steps.  (문지르다)

57. The spectators are standing along the race course.  (구경꾼)

58. People are strolling along the path.   (걷다)

59. He's taking notes about the newspaper story.  (메모하다)

60. He is taking off his work boots.    (벗다)

61. The ropes have been tied to the boat.    (~에 묶여있다)

62. The vehicle is being towed away.    (견인되다)

63. She is trying on clothes.  (입어보다)

64. The cleaners are vacuuming the carpet.  (진공 청소하다)

65. The store sells a variety of flowers.  (다양한)

66. The vehicle has been elevated for repairs.   (차량)

67. The man is watering the plant.  (물주다)

68. She is weighing the luggage.  (무게를 달다) * scale  (저울)

69. He is working on the computer. (연구하다, 수리하다,   작업하다)

70. The man is working on the farm.  (밭을 갈다)

             2.  정물 묘사

71. The man and the woman are sitting in alternate   seats.  (교대로)

72. The houses are built in a similar style.  (같은 모양으로)

73. They are standing in a small circle.  (원 모양으로)

74. The wires run in several directions.  (여러 갈래로)

75. The children are outside in the snow.  (눈밭에)

76. He is taking a break in the sun.  (양지에서)

77. The men are stacking boxes in a row.  (한 줄로)

78. The boxes are stacked on top of each other.   (차곡차곡)

79. They are sitting next to each other.  (나란히) cf) behind one another (줄지어)

80. There are some bicycles on display in the window. (진열된)

81. There are many windows along the side of the barn.   (헛간)

82. Cattle are standing out in the pasture.  (소)

83. The road runs through the countryside.   (시골)

84. The car is parked next to the curb.    (도로의) 연석

85. The frame of the building is exposed   (뼈대, 액자)

86. The painting is hanging on the wall.  (걸려있다) cf) hang from the ceiling

87. The bus is at the intersection.  (사거리, 교차로)

88. The landscape in this area is dry and rocky.   (풍경)

89. There are several lanes of traffic in each direction.(차선)

90. The bottles are lined up on the shelf.   (줄지어 있다)

91. The trees have lost all their leaves.   (나뭇잎)

92. The newspapers are lying on the ground.   (놓여있다)

93. The houses overlook the water.  (내려다보이다)

94. The tables are partially shaded. (부분적으로 그늘지다)

95. There's a bicycle path beside the river.   (길)

96. Tables and chairs are arranged on the patio.  (파티오)

97. The leaves are piled up on the steps of the houses.   (쌓이다)

    There are several piles of plates.  (접시더미)

    The boat is piled high with cargo.  (쌓아 올리다)

98. press a label onto an envelope   (붙이다)

99. The wires run in several direction.  (방향이 ~으로 향해 있다)

100. seal a box with tape   (봉하다)

101. They are sitting across the table from each other.  (마주보고)

102. The lobby is bright and spacious.   (넓은)

103. A cloth has been spread across the table.   (펼치다)

104. The building is only one story high.  (층)

105. The buildings in this area have many stories. (고층)

106. The vehicle is stuck in traffic.       (교통 정체되다)

107. There's a lot of traffic on the street.   (차량)

108. The van is parked next to another vehicle. (차량, 밴)

            3.  기타 필수 어휘

1.  background   (뒷 배경)2.  baked goods   (제과류)

3.  bike rack   (자전거 거치대)4.  crop   (농작물)

5.  supported by crutches   (목발)6.  change   (잔돈)

7.  diagram   (안내도면)8.  drawer   (서랍)9.  equipment   (장비)10. fly a kite   (연 날리다)

11. fountain   (분수대)12. glasses   (안경,  유리잔 들)

13. hammer   (망치)14. hand   (손, 도움 ; 건네주다)

15. heavy equipment   (중장비)    cf) crane (기중기),  forklift (지게차), 

       back hoe (포크레인)16. iron   (다리미질하다 = press)

17. lab coat   (실험실에서 입는 하얀 가운)18. ladder   (사다리)

19. musical instrument   (악기)20. notice   (벽보, 사전예고 ; 알아보다)

21. on top of one another   (차곡차곡)22. pedestrian   (보행자)

23. pile  (= stack)   더미 ; 쌓아올리다24. plant   (식물,  공장)

25. plugging in the cord   (코드를 꼽다)26. produce   (농산물)

27. railing   (난간)28. shake hands   (악수하다)

29. shovel   (삽 ; 삽질하다)30. specimen   (표본)

31. stairs = steps   (계단)32. standing room   (입석)

33. sweep   (쓸다)34. swing   (그네)35. trim his hair  (이발하다)

36. water's edge  (=edge of the water)   (물가)37. wave   (손을 흔들다 ; 파도)

38. weld   (용접하다)39. wheelbarrow   (바퀴하나 달린 수레)40. wire   (전선)

        혼동하기 쉬운 어휘

41. microscope  (현미경) /  telescope  (망원경)42. ceiling  (천장)  /  roof  (지붕)

43. look at  (보다)  /  look for  (찾다)44. look in (들여다 보다)  /  look out  (내다보다)

45. escalator  /  elevator46. meeting  /  meat

47. shopping  (쇼핑)  /  chopping  (썰기)48. sipping  /  sitting

49. beard  (턱수염)  /  mustache  (콧수염)50. chicken  / kitchen

       자주 출제되는 동사

51. carry luggage   (짐을 옮기다)52. enjoy the view   (경치를 즐기다)

53. hold wires   (전선을 잡고있다)54. studying a menu   (메뉴를 들여다 보다)

55. talking to each other   (이야기하다)56. tasting the soup   (맛보다)

57. touching a carved decoration   (조각상을 만지다)58. use laboratory equipment   (장비를 이용하다)

59. make a telephone  (전화하다)60. feed the animal  (먹이를 주다)

          4.  예술적인 문장들

1.  They are concentrating on the game.  (집중하다)

2.  The pool is not very crowded.   (붐비다)

3.  The land near the barn is fenced.  (울타리 치다)

4.  They are having a discussion.   (논의하다)

5.  They are helping themselves.   (셀프 서비스하다)

6.  The construction is in progress.   (진행 중)

7.  They are involved in a discussion.   (관여하다)

8.  The man is inspecting something.   (검사하다)

9.  Some equipment has been laid out on the counter.       (놓여있다)

10. The car door has been left open.   (열려 있다)

11. The steps lead down to the houses.       (길이 ~로 통하다)

12. The man is looking at a specimen.   (표본을 보다)

13. She's peering through the lens.   (눈여겨보다)

14. He's protecting his face with a mask.   (보호하다)

15. She is positioning a document on the machine.     (놓다, 위치시키다)

16. They are sharing the office space.   (공유하다)    = Construction is going on at the site.

17. A stamp is being placed on a letter.   (우표)

      5.  오답에 자주 보이는 문장들

1.  The road can accomodate only a single lane of     traffic.   (수용하다)

2.  People are admiring a painting.   (감탄하다)

3.  Taxis are not allowed in this neighborhood.

4.  He is assembling the bicycle.   (조립하다)

5.  The woman is buttoning up her jacket.    (단추를 채우다)

6.  The street is closed to all vehicles.   (폐쇄되다)

7.  He is developing the film.   (사진을 현상하다)

8.  The documents are being distributed to the woman.      (배부하다)

9.  He is folding the newspaper.   (접다)      cf)  unfold  (펼치다)

10. The awards are being framed.   (액자에 넣다)

11. The train is gathering speed.   (속도를 내다)

12. He is hanging up the phone.   (전화를 끊다)

13. The vegetables are being harvested.   (수확하다)

14. The water has overflowed onto the floor.       (범람하다)

15. They are polishing the furniture.   (광택을 내다)

16. The produce is displayed for sale outside the road.       (농산물)

17. The water has just been turned off.   (끄다)

18. The waves are crashing on the beach.   (파도)

팟2

1 Would you mind changing seats with me?No, I don't mind at all.

2 Why don't you let me leave the tip?

I've already taken care of it.  (leave on a trip 과 혼동.)

3 Haven't you worked here longer than Mrs. Kim?No, we were hired at the same time.

4 The leadership training with Mr. Garcia begins at ten o'clock, doesn't it?

I thought it was at nine.

5 Should I turn off these lights?No, only the ones in your office.

6 Do you like this hot weather, or do you prefer the cold?I have trouble with the heat.

7 Where should I hand in this application?At window number five.

8 What's the most popular sightseeing spot in this area?The national art gallery.

9 How many factories does your company have?Just one, but it's very large.

10 When did the theft take the place?In the middle of the day.

11 what is the fare to the airport?about 12 dollars.

12 Who is coming to the reception? Nothing closer was available.

13 When are you taking your vacation?Yes, I start in two weeks.

14 Is it okay if I change the air filter?The entire department is invited.

15 Do you know why they built the new museum so far from the old one?

Yes, we should.

16 The play starts at 7:30, doesn't it?I thought it was at eight.

17 You're not really taking a new job, are you?I haven't decided yet.

18 Shouldn't we hire a new designer?Sorry, but I have a noon meeting.

19 Would you like to join us for lunch?Only if it's really dirty.

20 Where did you put the report?on Mr kim's desk.

21 Will Mr. Yamaski be flying first class or economy class?

Please make a reservation for him in first class.

22 How long does it take to get to the concert hall from here?

One hour if you take a bus.

23 When does the Asian trade conference take place?

During the first week of January.

24 There aren't any technical advisors in this company, are there?

No, but they're considering hiring two next month.

TOEIC L/C 시험 PartⅡ 어휘 <2001년 5월>

25 How do I get to ~ : ~ 에 가려면 어떻게 가야합니까?

26 Put the cover back on.: 그 덮개 다시 씌워 놓으세요.

27 be out.: 다 떨어졌다. (하나도 안 남았다.)

28 I'm in town for a conference.: 이곳엔 회의 차 왔습니다.

29 As soon as I get home.: 집에 도작하자 마자요.

30 copy machine: 복사기 [= (photo) copier]

31 Help yourself. (1) 좋을 대로 하세요. (2) 마음껏 드세요.

32 storage: (1) 저장, 보관 (2) 창고, 저장소 (3) 보관료 33 work on: 계속 일하다.

34 How about a break?: [제안] 좀 쉬었다 하는 게 어때요?

35 I could use some coffee.: 커피를 좀 마셔야 될 것 같아요[could use: ~ 을 필요로 하다.]

36 election result: 선거 결과37 construction costs: 공사비, 건설비, 건축비

38 retrieve: (1) 만회[회수, 회복]하다. (2) 보상하다; 수선하다; 정정하다. (3) 구하다, 구출하다 (4) 갱생[부활]시키다. (5) 생각해내다, 상기하다. (6) [컴퓨터] (정보를) 검색하다.

39 shipment: (1) 배에 싣기, 선적 (2) 적하 위탁 화물

40 Take your time.: 서두르지 마시고 천천히 하세요. 41 briefcase: 서류가방 [= attache case]42 retire: (1) 은퇴하다, 퇴직하다 (2) 물러가다43 regional office: 지역 영업소

44 contract: 계약; 계약서 45 translate into ~: ~ 으로 번역하다 [interpret: 통역하다 / 해석하다]46 recommend: 추천하다47 bookkeeper: 부기 계원

[accountant: 회계사 / bookkeeper: 단순 (회계) 장부 기록하는 사람을 칭함.]

48 novel: (장편) 소설 [short story: 단편 소설]49 firm: 회사 [law firm: 법률회사]

50 identification: 신분증51 passport: 여권

52 research proposal: (1) 연구 제안(서) (2) 연구 계획

53 I wouldn't mind coming along with you.: 너랑 같이 가고 싶어.

54 company picnic: (회사) 야유회

55 be held: 개최되다 [개최하다: hold, open, have, give, throw]

56 patio: 페티오 (스페인식 집의 안뜰)

57 plenty of: 많은, 충분한 [↔ lack of: 부족, 결핍]

58 suitable for ~: ~ 을 하기에 적당한, 어울리는, 알맞은 [= fit]

59 position: (회사의) 직책, 직

60 I have lot of experience in this field.: 전 이 분야에 아주 많은 경험을 가지고 있습니다.

[job experience: (직장) 경력]

61 When he gets back to the office.: 그 사람이 사무실에 돌아오면. 62 safe: 금고

63 be supposed to ~: (1) ~ 을 하기로 되어있다. (2) ~ 이 예측되다, 예상되다

64 company policy: 회사 방침 65 emergency exit: 비상구 66 Purchasing  구매부

67 Customer Service 고객 관리 (서비스)부 68 have this weekend off 이번 주말에 쉬다

69 mark down 가격을 인하하다 ( 중요합니다)70 reimburse 변상해주다 ( 역시 중요합니다)

71 make public 공개하다 72 traveler's check 여행자 수표

73 automatic transmission 자동 변속기 74 I will leave it up to you 당신 의견에 따를께요

75 distract 분산시키다. 산만하게 하다 76 overseas 해외

77 ..... what caused the trade negotiation to break down? 무역협상이 왜 결렬되었나요...

팟3

1.A. Here's the schedule. Do you have everything you need?

B, I can't find my folder with the guidelines in it.

A. You just had it in your hand a minute ago.

2.A. Before I leave, is there anything else I need to know, doctors?

B. Well, you should start your medication this evening, and take it for two weeks. I'll need to see you here again after that.A. OK. I'll make an appointment on my way out.

3. A. Excuse me, I think I dropped my watch in the fitting room when I was trying on a suit here this morning. Has anyone found it?

B. I don't see it here, but if you leave your name and phone number, I'll call you if it turns up.A. Thanks. I'll give you my office number and my home number.

4. A. They've started the road repairs on Main Street.

B. I know. For the next three months, it'll take over an hour to get downtown.

A. Yes, but after that we'll be able to get there much faster.

5. A. Good evening, front desk. May I help you?

B. Yes, I have a 7:45 flight tomorrow morning, so I'll need a wake-up call. How long does it take to get to the airport?A. If you get a cab from here by 6:30, it should only take 15 minutes. Should I call you at 5:45?

6. A. It's so hard to find an apartment in this city. They're either too small or too expensive.B. Have you looked over by the university? Rents are low around there, and some of the apartments are really nice.

A. I tried that area, but there's nothing available until summer.

7. A. Did you hear that Mr. Miyoshi in accounting was just promoted to head of finance?B. I did. Do you know if he'll be hiring any new staff?

A. Yes, he'll need three more people.

8.A. I didn't pack any toothpaste. Can you tell me if there's a pharmacy nearby?

B. There's a shop downstairs in the lobby where you can buy some.

C. Good. Then I won't have to go out of the building in this rain.

9.A. Lisa, are you going to the beach again for your vacation this summer?

B. No, this year we're renting a house in the mountains with my sister and her family. How about you, Bill?C. We're going on a camping trip up north by Lake Hudson.

10.A. My name is Sung-hi Kim. I have an appointment with Mrs. Wagner.

B. She's talking to a customer on the phone right now, but she'll see you as soon as she finishes the call. Would you like a cup of coffee?

A. No, thanks. I've just come from lunch.

   1) Who is in charge of the backorder?      이월 주문 담당자가 누구지?

      -> I guess it is Mr. Chang.          챙씨가 담당자인 걸로 알고 있는데요.

          Not that I know of.          그 문젠 잘 모르겠는데요.

   2) Whose responsibility is the shipping?      상품 발송은 누가 담당하고 있지?

   3) When did you receive the promotion?      언제 승진했어요?

      What time are you leaving?      몇 시에 떠나요?

   4) Where are my plane tickets?      제 비행기표가 어디 있죠?

   5) What did she say about the seminar?      그 여자가 세미나에 대해서 뭐라고 말했어요?

      What task will he be assigned?      그가 어떤 일을 맡았죠?

   6) Which flight is she taking?      그녀는 어떤 비행기를 탈 건가요?

      -> 선택 의문문의 Which와는 좀 다르다.

   7) Why didn't you sign up for the computer training?  컴퓨터 강좌를 왜 등록하지 않았나요?

      For what ～  -> 개념적으로는 Because로 시작되는 대답이 나와야 하지만 실제로는 그런 경우는 거의 없다.    각 대답 문장을 들으면서 우리가 마음속으로 Because를 넣어보면서 들어야 한다.

   8) How will I explain this to my boss?      이것을 사장에게 어떻게 설명하죠?

      How did they figure it out so quickly?어떻게 그들이 이것을 그렇게 빨리 해결(계산)해 냈죠?

      How can I get a ticket for ferry?      여객선 표 어떻게 끊나요?  -> [How～] 의문문은 가장 다양한 답이 가능하며, 때론 [Why～], [Where～] 대한 답이 나올수도 있다.

9)How much cement will be needed for the foundation?기초 공사에 시멘트가 얼마나 들 것 같아요?

   10) How many people have to sign up for us to hold the seminar?

       사람들이 몇 명이나 등록해야 우리가 세미나를 열 수 있나요?

   11) How long will the subway strike last?       지하철 파업이 얼마나 갈까요?

   12) How far is it to the airport(the hotel) from the office? 사무실에서 공항까지 얼마나 먼가요?

       -> (It'll take) twenty minutes by taxi. (거리에 대한 질문은 시간으로 답하는 것이 보통.)

           택시로 20분 걸려요.  -> It's too far (from here) to walk.

   -> You can't walk there from here.걸어가기엔 너무 멀어요.(이런 식의 답이 나올 수도 있다.)

   13) How fast can this new plane travel? (속도에 대한 질문도 시간으로 처리한다.)

       이 새 항공기는 속도가 얼마나 나가요?       -> (It'll take) only two hours to New York.

           뉴욕까지 두 시간밖에 안 걸려요.

   14) How often has the mechanic repaired this car?그 수리공이 이 차를 몇 번이나 고쳐 봤나요?

       -> At least twice, I guess.   제가 알기로는 적어도 두 번요.

15) How soon do you think we can finish the budget plan?예산안을 얼마나 빨리 끝낼 수 있을까?

       -> By tomorrow, I guess. 제 생각엔 내일까지는 끝낼 수 있을 것 같은데요.

2. 선택 의문문

Actually, I like both. 둘 다 좋은데.Either one is fine. 어느 쪽이든 좋아요.

It makes no difference. 아무 거나요.Neither, it's ～ . 둘 다 아니고, 그건 ～야.

☞ ‘잘 모르겠다.’ ‘아직 결정 못 했다’라는 식의 대답이 올 수 있다.

[예문 정리]I don't know.I have no idea about that.Not that I know of.I've not decided yet.

   1) Which로 시작되는 선택 의문문 (which, prefer, or는 선택 의문문의 삼총사다.)

Which kind of music do you prefer, jazz or classical? 어떤 종류의 음악을 좋아하세요, 재즈, 클래식?-> I like both. 들 다 좋아요.

      Which do you prefer, I use credit card, or pay cash for the purchase?

      신용 카드나 현금 줄 중 어떤 걸로 결재해드릴까요?

      -> It makes no difference. / Either will be fine.  들 다 상관없어요. / 아무 거나요.

        2) Which가 없는 선택 의문문(교통 수단, 식사 등에서 잘 나온다.)

      Do you prefer watching the news on TV or listening to it on the radios?

      TV로 뉴스 보시는 게 낫겠어요? 아니면 라디오로 들으실래요?

      Do you jog indoors or outdoors? 실내에서 조깅해요? 실외서 해요?

      -> I run by the pond. 호숫가를 달려요.

      ☞ 한 쪽을 선택하되 간접적 뉘앙스에 주목한다.

         어느 한 쪽을 선택하면 너무 쉬워지기 때문에 간접적 답이 나오지 않을 수 없다.

      Should we drive or take the bus? 차 가지고 갈 거예요, 아님 버스 타고 갈 거예요?

      -> There's no parking place there. 거기 주차 공간 없어요.(간접적 답!)

      Shall we go shopping or go to the museum?쇼핑 갈까? 박물관 갈까?

      -> I'd like to see the new exhibit. 새 전시품들을 보고 싶은데요.(간접적 답!)

3. 요청(부탁), 권유(청유)문

☞ [Could you ～] 문형이나 [Would you ～] 문형에서 드물게 Yes/No의 답이 나올 수 있는 경우를 제외하고는 거의 Yes/No로 답하지 않는다. 권유, 요청, 부탁을 수락하느냐, 거절하느냐 크게 이 두 가지 경우에 대해 다양한 표현이 있을 수 있겠다.

   1) Can(Could)로 시작하는 요청

     ․Can(Could) you establish how many potential readers we'll have?

       독자층을 얼마나 확보할 수 있을지 (조사해서) 뽑아낼 수 있겠나? -> How many days can I have to complete it? (드물게 이런 답도 나올 수 있다.)언제까지 해야 되는 거죠?

   2) Would you like ～ 형태의 권유, 청유문

     ․Would you like to tour the plant with us?  우리와 같이 공장을 돌아보지 않으시겠어요?

  -> Yes, I've really wanted to see the assembly line.예, 조립 생산라인을 정말 보고 싶었어요.

 3) Would you mind ～ing 형태의 부탁이나 허락을 요청하는 문형

     ․Would you mind helping out in the other store?다른 가게 일도 좀 거들어 줄 수 있겠어요?

       -> Do I get an extra pay for that? 그럼 돈 더 주나요?

     ․Would you mind if I smoke? 담배 펴도 괜찮겠어요? (마음에 꺼리지 않겠냐?)

       -> Of course not. / Certainly not. / Never, go ahead.  괜찮아요. (: 부정으로 답한다!)

-> I'm sorry (but) ～ 죄송합니다만 ～서 안 되겠는데요. -> Actually, I do mind ～ing. (드물게)

      cf. [Can(May) I ～ ] 형태의 허가 요청은 Yes/No Question이며 Yes/No로 답할 수 있다.

   4) Why don't you(we) ～ 형태의 권유문

․Why don't we go home and continue in the morning? 그만 하고 퇴근합시다. 내일 계속하죠 뭐.

-> Let's do that. I've had it. (Let's에 대해 Let's로 답할 수 있다.) 그렇게 하죠. 할만큼 했으니.

        -> Why not? Let's do that.

     ․Why not form a partnership with them?  그 회사랑 거래를 터지 그래?

       -> I don't know much about them.  잘 모르는 회산데 뭐.

       -> They are just the competitor, you know?

           야, 걔네들 우리 경쟁사일 뿐이냐. 정신 차려. (드물게 이런 형태의 답도 나올 수 있겠다.)

     ․How(What) about trying the new restaurant down the street?

       저기 밑에 새로 생긴 식당에 한 번 가보는 게 어때?

   5) Please ～ 형태의 평서문

     ․Please fill out the forms using blue or black ink.

       파랑 색이나 검은 색 잉크를 사용해서 양식을 기재해 주세요.

       -> No problem. I have black pen.  그러죠. 검은 색 펜이 마침 있으니까요.

       -> OK, Can I borrow one of your pens?  그러죠, 펜 하나 좀 빌려주시겠어요?

4. 길이나 위치, 방법을 묻는 경우

☞ Yes/No Question이 아니며 따라서 대답이 Yes/No로 시작될 수 없다.

☞ 예상 대답은 주로 명령문이다. 즉 동사로 시작된다. 간혹 ‘모르겠다’는 답이 나올 수 있다.

   1) Can you tell me where the closest dry cleaner is?

      젤 가까운 세탁소가 어디에 있는지 좀 알려주시겠어요?

      -> I guess there is one on Brattle street.  브랠가에 하나 있는 걸로 알고 있는데요.

      -> Go straight ～  and turn right, (then) it's on your left.

          똑바로 가다가 오른쪽으로 도세요, 그러면 우측 편에 있어요.

   2) How can I find Twentieth street?      20번가 어떻게 가요?

      -> Cross the street and go four blocks ～.   길 건너서 네 블록 가세요.

      -> I don't know. You'd better ask the police officer over there.

          잘 모르겠는데요. 저기 경찰관한테 물어보는 게 낫겠는데요.

   3) How can I get this machine started?  이 기계 어떻게 작동시키는 거죠? (의문사 의문문

      -> Just push the button on the right.   오른 쪽에 있는 버튼을 누르세요.

5. Yes/No Question

   1) 평서문 뒤에 붙는 부가 의문문 형태

      You just got back from Jakarta, didn't you? 쟈카르타에서 막 오셨죠, 그쵸?

   2) be 동사로 묻는 과거, 미래 형태

Were you able to get an appointment for anytime soon? 빠른 시간으로 예약을 잡을 수 있었나요?

Will you be able to get an appointment for anytime soon?빠른 시간으로 예약을 잡을 수 있을까

   3) 완료 시제로 묻는 형태 (Yes/No Question 중에서는 많이 나오는 유형이다.)

      Have you seen the unemployment figures?  실업률 수치 봤어요?

      -> Yes, they picked up to some degree.  예, 좀 올라갔더라고요.

          (Yes나 No로 일단 답해 놓고, 설명이 뒤따르는 형태가 보통이다.)

   4) 조동사로 시작하는 의문문

      Will the conference be started at ten? 회의가 10시에 시작됩니까?

  (Can) May I get reimbursed for the decorations I bought for Jerry's birthday party?

       제리 생일 파티 때 내가 샀던 장식물 비용 정산 받을 수 있나요?

      -> Do you have all the receipts?   영수증들 다 챙겼어요?

      -> Yes, if you have the receipts.예, 영수증만 있으면 되요.

■ Part 3  중요 문제 유형 정리 ■

■ 1. What are they discussing? 대화의 주제는?

☞ 많이 나오면 4-5문항도 나올 수 있는 대표적 문제 유형중 하나이다.

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 절대적으로 첫 문장.

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   1) 매출 증가 또는 매출 감소 (sales increase / decrease)

   2) 점심 시간에 어디서 뭐 먹을까 (new place)   3) 야식 뭐 시켜 먹을까 (late night snack)

   4) 보고서 언제까지 끝내야 하나 (report)5) 서류가 어디 있나 (document / fax / courier service)

   6) 회사 파산 (go bankrupt)  7) 예산 삭감 (cut back budget)

   8) 승진 또는 임금 인상 (promotion / pay raise) 9) 출장 (trip / reimbursement / tickets)

   10) 회사 이전 및 사무실 이사 (move / mover)

11) 리모델링 및 사무실 개조 (renovation / redecoration)

   12) 최근 경기 (economic boom / inflation / depression, recession)

   13) 증권 상황 (stock)   14) 신제품 (a new product)

   15) 신규 사업(task force / new business / expanding business)  16) 건강 (health care)

   17) 가족 등의 안부 (regards)   18) 휴가 (vacation / benefits / resort / policy)

   19) 공연, 전시 (concert / performance / exhibition)20) 락 밴드 또는 음악 앨범 (rock band / album) (그 외 다수)

■ 2. What's the man's(woman's) problem 이 남자(여자)의 문제는?

☞ 많이 나오면 4-5문항도 나올 수 있는 대표적 문제 유형중 하나이다.

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 거의 마지막 문장.첫 문장은 질문으로 시작되는 경우가 많다. 남자의 문제일 경우는 남자가, 여자의 문제일 경우는 여자가 먼저 문장을 시작하는 것이 패턴이다.

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리: 답은 대단한 것이 아닌 일상에서 발생하는 사소한 것들이다.

   1) 복사기에 종이가 끼었다. (paper-jammed)   2) 팩스 작동법을 모른다.

   3) 특정 컴퓨터 프로그램 사용법을 모른다. (not familiar with the program)

   4) 서류(파일)을 찾을 수 없다.

   5) 어디다 파일 해야 할 지 모른다. (don't know under where it should be filed)

   6) 마감 기한(약속 시간)에 맞출 수 없다. (can't meet the deadline)

   7) 회의 시간(고객과의 약속 시간 등)을 깜박했다. (잊어버렸다)

   8) 스케줄이 지체되고 있다. (behind schedule)

   9) 매출 할당량을 채울 수가 없다. (sales quota / achieving sales goal)

   10) 시차 적응이 안된다. (jet-lagged)   11) 차가 고장 났다.

   12) 임대할 아파트나 사무실을 찾을 수 없다.   13) 지갑을 잊어버리고 안 가지고 왔다.

   14) 약속 장소나 찾아가는 회사를 잘 찾을 수 없다.   15) 직장을 잘 구할 수가 없다.

   16) 일이 너무 많다. (workload)   17) 회의에 참석할 수 없다.

■ 3. What will the man(woman) probably do? 이 남자(여자)의 다음 행동은?

☞ 꼭 몇 문제는 나오는 대표적 문제 유형중 하나이다.

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 100% 마지막 문장.

자신을 가지고 정답에 체크하라. 역시 ‘남자의 다음 행동’일 경우는 남자가, ‘여자의 다음 행동’일 경우는 여자가 먼저 문장을 시작하는 것이 패턴이다.

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   1) 누구에게 전화할 것이다.   2) 택배 회사에게 전화할 것이다.

   3) 우체국, 은행, 공항, 호텔, 서점으로 갈 것이다.

   4) 사장, 고객과 이야기 할 것이다. (meet with customers)

   5) 뭘 사러 갈 것이다.   6) 회의에 참석할 것이다.

   7) 식당에 식사하러 갈 것이다. (try the new restaurant)   8) 서류를 찾을 것이다.

   9) 보고서나 기안을 작성할 것이다. (prepare a report / write up a proposal)

■ 4. What does the man(woman) suggest(ask)? 이 남자(여자)는 뭘 제안(요청)하는가?

☞ 역시 자주 등장하는 대표적 문제 유형중 하나.

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 두 번째나 세 번째.

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   1) 사무실 이전 도와주겠다고   2) 직원 생리 축하 등 파티 장식 도와주겠다고

   3) 짐 옮기는 것 도와주겠다고   4) 복사기에 종이 낀 것 빼는 것 도와주겠다고

   5) 익숙하지 않은 프로그램 사용법을 좀 가르쳐(도와) 달라고

   6) 사장한테 기안을 제출해 보자고 (proposal)   7) 쇼핑 같이 가자고

   8) 밥 먹으러 같이 가자고 (어떤 식당에 한 번 가보자고)

   9) 출장 온 김에 관광 좀 하고 가자고 (take a tour)   10) 카풀하자고 (car-pool)

   11) 차 태워주겠다고 (ride)   12) 차 세워두고 지하철 타고 가자고

■ 5. What does the man(woman) agree to do? 이 남자(여자)는 무엇에 동의했는가?

☞ 4번 문형의 반대 문형이다.

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 두 번째 또는 세 번째 문장.

한 쪽에서 제안이나 의견을 말하고, 다른 한 쪽에서 맞장구를 치거나 동의를 하는 형태가 온다.

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   1) 어떤 사람이 일 잘하거나 회사의 보배다.   2) 새로운 광고 기안이나 보고서를 작성하자.

   3) 어떤 고객건(account)를 처리한다는데.   4) 나가서 같이 식사 하자는데.

   5) 주말에 같이 시간 보내기.(야구장, 공연, 쇼핑 등)

   6) 그 외: 교외가 땅 값이 싸다. / 어떤 일이 누구 혼자의 잘못만은 아니다.

■ 6. On what they agree? 그들은 어떤 점에 동의했는가?☞ 5번 문제 유형과 비슷한 문형 같지만 흐름이 좀 다르다. [주제 제시 -> 의견 진술 -> 동의]의 흐름이 된다.☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 세 번째 문장.

■ 7. What does the man(woman) want to do? 이 남자(여자)가 원하는 것은?☞ 남자에 대해 물어볼 때는 남자가 먼저 대화를 시작하고, 여자일 경우는 반대로 여자가 주로 먼저 대화를 시작한다!

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 주로 세 번째 문장.

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   (3번 내용 전부 포함)   1) 월급 더 올려주길 (pay raise)   2) 휴가 또는 포상 (benefit package)

   3) 휴식 (relax)   4) 새 차 사는 것   5) 특정 정보나 자료

■ 9. Who are they? 대화하는 사람들이 누군가? / With whom the woman speak? 누구와 대화하는가?☞ 비교적 쉬운 문제 유형중 하나!

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 힌트들이 곳곳에 있다. 첫 번째 딱 시작하는 단어부터 주의!

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   1) employer & employee 고용주(사장)와 직원   2) supervisor & staff 상관과 부하 직원

   3) interviewer & job applicant 면접자와 구직자 4) colleague or co-worker 직장 동료 또는 친구

   5) customer & attendant or clerk 고객과 매장 직원  6) professor & student 교수와 학생

■ 10. What is said about (something)? 대화의 주제(something)에 대한 알 수 있는 것은?

       What is learned ～   What can we learn ～

☞ 전반적으로 대화 내용을 파악해야 되는 경우가 많다.

■ 11. What can we learn about (someone)? 제 3자에 대한 대화를 통해 우리가 그 사람에 대해 알 수 있는 사실은?☞ 전반적으로 대화 내용을 파악해야 되는 경우가 많다.

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 전체 대화!

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   1) 새로 온 과장이 정말 일 잘한다.   2) 토론토 지사로 전근 갔다.

   3) 회사 그만 두고 자기 사업 시작했다.   4) 본사로 승진 발령되었다.

   5) 그 사람 곧 승진 될 것이다.☞ cracking point! : 정답은 주로 “그 친구 일 잘해.” “회사의 보배(an asset)야.” “전근 갔어.” “승진했어.” “자기 사업 시작했어.” 등이다.

■ 12. What did the man(woman) learn? 이 남자(여자)는 어떤 사실을 알게 되었는가?

☞ 질문에 대한 대답의 내용을 묻는 문제이다. 대답은 주로 사소하거나 개인적인 것이다.

☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 주로 두 번 째!

☞ 정답 상황(situation) 정리:

   1) 특정 신문이 다 팔렸다. / 오전에 와야 살 수 있다. / 다른 신문도 있다.   2) 회사가 이사간다.   3) 특정인이 전근 간다.   4) 새 식당이 문을 연다.   5) 도로가 공사중이라서 길이 막힌다.

■ 13. When(Where) will they (meet)? 그들이 무엇을 하는 시간 또는 장소는?

☞ specific information(특정 정보) 파악 문제이다. 대화를 듣는 중에 순간 포착을 해야한다. 순간 포착만 하면 쉬운 문제!☞ 정답 위치(cracking point!): 어디 있을지 모른다!

(팟2)

1 Would you mind changing seats with me?

No, I don't mind at all.

2 Why don't you let me leave the tip?

I've already taken care of it.  (leave on a trip 과 혼동.)

3 Haven't you worked here longer than Mrs. Kim?

No, we were hired at the same time.

4 The leadership training with Mr. Garcia begins at ten o'clock, doesn't it?

I thought it was at nine.

5 Should I turn off these lights?

No, only the ones in your office.

6 Do you like this hot weather, or do you prefer the cold?

I have trouble with the heat.

7 Where should I hand in this application?

At window number five.

8 What's the most popular sightseeing spot in this area?

The national art gallery.

9 How many factories does your company have?

Just one, but it's very large.

10 When did the theft take the place?

In the middle of the day.

11 what is the fare to the airport?

about 12 dollars.

12 Who is coming to the reception?

Nothing closer was available.

13 When are you taking your vacation?

Yes, I start in two weeks.

14 Is it okay if I change the air filter?

The entire department is invited.

15 Do you know why they built the new museum so far from the old one?

Yes, we should.

16 The play starts at 7:30, doesn't it?

I thought it was at eight.

17 You're not really taking a new job, are you?

I haven't decided yet.

18 Shouldn't we hire a new designer?

Sorry, but I have a noon meeting.

19 Would you like to join us for lunch?

Only if it's really dirty.

20 Where did you put the report?

on Mr kim's desk.

21 Will Mr. Yamaski be flying first class or economy class?

Please make a reservation for him in first class.

22 How long does it take to get to the concert hall from here?

One hour if you take a bus.

23 When does the Asian trade conference take place?

During the first week of January.

24 There aren't any technical advisors in this company, are there?

No, but they're considering hiring two next month.

TOEIC L/C 시험 PartⅡ 어휘 <2001년 5월>

25 How do I get to ~ : ~ 에 가려면 어떻게 가야합니까?

26 Put the cover back on.: 그 덮개 다시 씌워 놓으세요.

27 be out.: 다 떨어졌다. (하나도 안 남았다.)

28 I'm in town for a conference.: 이곳엔 회의 차 왔습니다.

29 As soon as I get home.: 집에 도작하자 마자요.

30 copy machine: 복사기 [= (photo) copier]

31 Help yourself. (1) 좋을 대로 하세요. (2) 마음껏 드세요.

32 storage: (1) 저장, 보관 (2) 창고, 저장소 (3) 보관료

33 work on: 계속 일하다.

34 How about a break?: [제안] 좀 쉬었다 하는 게 어때요?

35 I could use some coffee.: 커피를 좀 마셔야 될 것 같아요. [could use: ~ 을 필요로 하다.]

36 election result: 선거 결과

37 construction costs: 공사비, 건설비, 건축비

38 retrieve: (1) 만회[회수, 회복]하다. (2) 보상하다; 수선하다; 정정하다. (3) 구하다, 구출하다 (4) 갱생[부활]시키다. (5) 생각해내다, 상기하다. (6) [컴퓨터] (정보를) 검색하다.

39 shipment: (1) 배에 싣기, 선적 (2) 적하 위탁 화물

40 Take your time.: 서두르지 마시고 천천히 하세요.

41 briefcase: 서류가방 [= attache case]

42 retire: (1) 은퇴하다, 퇴직하다 (2) 물러가다

43 regional office: 지역 영업소

44 contract: 계약; 계약서

45 translate into ~: ~ 으로 번역하다 [interpret: 통역하다 / 해석하다]

46 recommend: 추천하다47 bookkeeper: 부기 계원

[accountant: 회계사 / bookkeeper: 단순 (회계) 장부 기록하는 사람을 칭함.]

48 novel: (장편) 소설 [short story: 단편 소설]

49 firm: 회사 [law firm: 법률회사]

50 identification: 신분증51 passport: 여권

52 research proposal: (1) 연구 제안(서) (2) 연구 계획

53 I wouldn't mind coming along with you.: 너랑 같이 가고 싶어.

54 company picnic: (회사) 야유회

55 be held: 개최되다 [개최하다: hold, open, have, give, throw]

56 patio: 페티오 (스페인식 집의 안뜰)

57 plenty of: 많은, 충분한 [↔ lack of: 부족, 결핍]

58 suitable for ~: ~ 을 하기에 적당한, 어울리는, 알맞은 [= fit]

59 position: (회사의) 직책, 직

60 I have lot of experience in this field.: 전 이 분야에 아주 많은 경험을 가지고 있습니다.

[job experience: (직장) 경력]

61 When he gets back to the office.: 그 사람이 사무실에 돌아오면.

62 safe: 금고

63 be supposed to ~: (1) ~ 을 하기로 되어있다. (2) ~ 이 예측되다, 예상되다

64 company policy: 회사 방침

65 emergency exit: 비상구

66 Purchasing  구매부

67 Customer Service 고객 관리 (서비스)부

68 have this weekend off 이번 주말에 쉬다

69 mark down 가격을 인하하다 ( 중요합니다)

70 reimburse 변상해주다 ( 역시 중요합니다)

71 make public 공개하다

72 traveler's check 여행자 수표

73 automatic transmission 자동 변속기

74 I will leave it up to you 당신 의견에 따를께요

75 distract 분산시키다. 산만하게 하다

76 overseas 해외

77 ..... what caused the trade negotiation to break down? 무역협상이 왜 결렬되었나요...

1. 의문사로 시작하는 의문문 문제

☞ [Wh-Question] 이라고 말하며 다음과 같은 의문사로 시작된다. Yes/No로 답할 수 없고, 의문문 문자의 제일 앞에 있는 의문사에 따른 답을 말하거나, ‘모른다’고 말해야 한다. 듣고 있는 전체 문장을 완전히 해석해서 문제를 풀려고 하지 말고, 제일 앞에 나오는 의문사를 명료하게 듣고 답을 기다려야 한다.

☞ 파트2 문제의 1/3 이상을 차지하여 실질적으로 파트2 전체를 이끌어 가는 유형이다. 의문사별로 유형을 확실히 분석하고, 예상 대답을 정리해 둔다. 의문사 의문문만 제대로 처리할 수 있으면, 파트2는 거의 정복한 것이나 다름없다.

☞ 다시 한 번 말하지만 Yes/No로 시작되는 문장은 고려하지 마라. 답이 아니다.

   1) Who is in charge of the backorder?

      이월 주문 담당자가 누구지?

      -> I guess it is Mr. Chang.

          챙씨가 담당자인 걸로 알고 있는데요.

          Not that I know of.

          그 문젠 잘 모르겠는데요.

   2) Whose responsibility is the shipping?

      상품 발송은 누가 담당하고 있지?

   3) When did you receive the promotion?

      언제 승진했어요?

      What time are you leaving?

      몇 시에 떠나요?

   4) Where are my plane tickets?

      제 비행기표가 어디 있죠?

   5) What did she say about the seminar?

      그 여자가 세미나에 대해서 뭐라고 말했어요?

      What task will he be assigned?

      그가 어떤 일을 맡았죠?

   6) Which flight is she taking?

      그녀는 어떤 비행기를 탈 건가요?

      -> 선택 의문문의 Which와는 좀 다르다.

   7) Why didn't you sign up for the computer training?

      컴퓨터 강좌를 왜 등록하지 않았나요?

      For what ～

      -> 개념적으로는 Because로 시작되는 대답이 나와야 하지만 실제로는 그런 경우는 거의 없다.            각 대답 문장을 들으면서 우리가 마음속으로 Because를 넣어보면서 들어야 한다.

   8) How will I explain this to my boss?

      이것을 사장에게 어떻게 설명하죠?

      How did they figure it out so quickly?

      어떻게 그들이 이것을 그렇게 빨리 해결(계산)해 냈죠?

      How can I get a ticket for ferry?

      여객선 표 어떻게 끊나요?

      -> [How～] 의문문은 가장 다양한 답이 가능하며, 때론 [Why～], [Where～] 대한 답이 나올             수도 있다.

   9) How much cement will be needed for the foundation?

      기초 공사에 시멘트가 얼마나 들 것 같아요?

   10) How many people have to sign up for us to hold the seminar?

       사람들이 몇 명이나 등록해야 우리가 세미나를 열 수 있나요?

   11) How long will the subway strike last?

       지하철 파업이 얼마나 갈까요?

   12) How far is it to the airport(the hotel) from the office?

       사무실에서 공항까지 얼마나 먼가요?

       -> (It'll take) twenty minutes by taxi. (거리에 대한 질문은 시간으로 답하는 것이 보통.)

           택시로 20분 걸려요.

       -> It's too far (from here) to walk.

       -> You can't walk there from here.

           걸어가기엔 너무 멀어요.(이런 식의 답이 나올 수도 있다.)

   13) How fast can this new plane travel? (속도에 대한 질문도 시간으로 처리한다.)

       이 새 항공기는 속도가 얼마나 나가요?

       -> (It'll take) only two hours to New York.

           뉴욕까지 두 시간밖에 안 걸려요.

   14) How often has the mechanic repaired this car?

       그 수리공이 이 차를 몇 번이나 고쳐 봤나요?

       -> At least twice, I guess.

           제가 알기로는 적어도 두 번요.

   15) How soon do you think we can finish the budget plan?

       예산안을 얼마나 빨리 끝낼 수 있을까?

       -> By tomorrow, I guess.

           제 생각엔 내일까지는 끝낼 수 있을 것 같은데요.

2. 선택 의문문

☞ [Wh-Question]을 제외하고는 단일 유형으로는 가장 많이 나오는 형태이다. 실전에서 4문제 정도 나올 수 있다. 원칙적으로 질문 내용에 제시되는 두 가지 선택 중 한 쪽을 선택하는 대답이 온다. 단, 직접적 표현보다 간접적 표현을 선호한다. 이유는 말할 필요도 없이 직접적 표현을 쓰면 너무 쉬운 문제가 되어버리기 때문이다.

☞ 어느 한 쪽을 선택하지 않고, ‘양쪽 다 좋다(both)', ‘어느 쪽이든 좋다(either)', ‘둘 다 별로다(neither)'라는 식의 대답이 올 수 있다.

[예문 정리]

Actually, I like both. 둘 다 좋은데.

Either one is fine. 어느 쪽이든 좋아요.

It makes no difference. 아무 거나요.

Neither, it's ～ . 둘 다 아니고, 그건 ～야.

☞ ‘잘 모르겠다.’ ‘아직 결정 못 했다’라는 식의 대답이 올 수 있다.[예문 정리]I don't know.I have no idea about that.Not that I know of.I've not decided yet.

   1) Which로 시작되는 선택 의문문 (which, prefer, or는 선택 의문문의 삼총사다.)

      Which kind of music do you prefer, jazz or classical?

      어떤 종류의 음악을 좋아하세요, 재즈, 클래식?

      -> I like both.          들 다 좋아요.

      Which do you prefer, I use credit card, or pay cash for the purchase?

      신용 카드나 현금 줄 중 어떤 걸로 결재해드릴까요?

      -> It makes no difference. / Either will be fine.  들 다 상관없어요. / 아무 거나요.

   2) Which가 없는 선택 의문문(교통 수단, 식사 등에서 잘 나온다.)

      Do you prefer watching the news on TV or listening to it on the radios?

      TV로 뉴스 보시는 게 낫겠어요? 아니면 라디오로 들으실래요?

      Do you jog indoors or outdoors?     실내에서 조깅해요? 실외서 해요?

      -> I run by the pond.        호숫가를 달려요.

      ☞ 한 쪽을 선택하되 간접적 뉘앙스에 주목한다.

         어느 한 쪽을 선택하면 너무 쉬워지기 때문에 간접적 답이 나오지 않을 수 없다.

      Should we drive or take the bus?   차 가지고 갈 거예요, 아님 버스 타고 갈 거예요?

      -> There's no parking place there.     거기 주차 공간 없어요.(간접적 답!)

      Shall we go shopping or go to the museum?   쇼핑 갈까? 박물관 갈까?

      -> I'd like to see the new exhibit.      새 전시품들을 보고 싶은데요.(간접적 답!)

3. 요청(부탁), 권유(청유)문

☞ [Could you ～] 문형이나 [Would you ～] 문형에서 드물게 Yes/No의 답이 나올 수 있는 경우를 제외하고는 거의 Yes/No로 답하지 않는다. 권유, 요청, 부탁을 수락하느냐, 거절하느냐 크게 이 두 가지 경우에 대해 다양한 표현이 있을 수 있겠다.

   1) Can(Could)로 시작하는 요청

     ․Can(Could) you establish how many potential readers we'll have?

       독자층을 얼마나 확보할 수 있을지 (조사해서) 뽑아낼 수 있겠나?

       (‘할 수 있냐’를 묻는다기 보다는 ‘해달라’는 부탁의 문장)

       -> How many days can I have to complete it? (드물게 이런 답도 나올 수 있다.)

           언제까지 해야 되는 거죠?

   2) Would you like ～ 형태의 권유, 청유문

     ․Would you like to tour the plant with us?

       우리와 같이 공장을 돌아보지 않으시겠어요?

       -> Yes, I've really wanted to see the assembly line.

           예, 조립 생산라인을 정말 보고 싶었어요.

   3) Would you mind ～ing 형태의 부탁이나 허락을 요청하는 문형

     ․Would you mind helping out in the other store?

       다른 가게 일도 좀 거들어 줄 수 있겠어요?

       -> Do I get an extra pay for that?

          그럼 돈 더 주나요?

     ․Would you mind if I smoke?

       담배 펴도 괜찮겠어요? (마음에 꺼리지 않겠냐?)

       -> Of course not. / Certainly not. / Never, go ahead.

           괜찮아요. (꺼리기지 않아요: 부정으로 답한다!)

       -> I'm sorry (but) ～

           죄송합니다만 ～서 안 되겠는데요.

       -> Actually, I do mind ～ing. (드물게)

      cf. [Can(May) I ～ ] 형태의 허가 요청은 Yes/No Question이며 Yes/No로 답할 수 있다.

   4) Why don't you(we) ～ 형태의 권유문

      ․Why don't we go home and continue in the morning?

        그만 하고 퇴근합시다. 내일 계속하죠 뭐.

        -> Let's do that. I've had it. (Let's에 대해 Let's로 답할 수 있다.)

           그렇게 하죠. 할만큼 했으니.

        -> Why not? Let's do that.

     ․Why not form a partnership with them?

       그 회사랑 거래를 터지 그래?

       -> I don't know much about them.

           잘 모르는 회산데 뭐.

       -> They are just the competitor, you know?

           야, 걔네들 우리 경쟁사일 뿐이냐. 정신 차려. (드물게 이런 형태의 답도 나올 수 있겠다.)

     ․How(What) about trying the new restaurant down the street?

       저기 밑에 새로 생긴 식당에 한 번 가보는 게 어때?

   5) Please ～ 형태의 평서문

     ․Please fill out the forms using blue or black ink.

       파랑 색이나 검은 색 잉크를 사용해서 양식을 기재해 주세요.

       -> No problem. I have black pen.

           그러죠. 검은 색 펜이 마침 있으니까요.

       -> OK, Can I borrow one of your pens?

           그러죠, 펜 하나 좀 빌려주시겠어요?

4. 길이나 위치, 방법을 묻는 경우

☞ Yes/No Question이 아니며 따라서 대답이 Yes/No로 시작될 수 없다.

☞ 예상 대답은 주로 명령문이다. 즉 동사로 시작된다. 간혹 ‘모르겠다’는 답이 나올 수 있다.

   1) Can you tell me where the closest dry cleaner is?

      젤 가까운 세탁소가 어디에 있는지 좀 알려주시겠어요?

      -> I guess there is one on Brattle street.

          브랠가에 하나 있는 걸로 알고 있는데요.

      -> Go straight ～  and turn right, (then) it's on your left.

          똑바로 가다가 오른쪽으로 도세요, 그러면 우측 편에 있어요.

   2) How can I find Twentieth street?

      20번가 어떻게 가요?

      -> Cross the street and go four blocks ～.

          길 건너서 네 블록 가세요.

      -> I don't know. You'd better ask the police officer over there.

          잘 모르겠는데요. 저기 경찰관한테 물어보는 게 낫겠는데요.

   3) How can I get this machine started?

      이 기계 어떻게 작동시키는 거죠? (의문사 의문문으로 분석해도 된다.)

      -> Just push the button on the right.

          오른 쪽에 있는 버튼을 누르세요.

5. Yes/No Question

☞ [Wh-Question]과 함께 영어의 거의 모든 의문문을 양분하는 의문문의 유형이다. 다양한 형태의 [Yes/No Question]이 있을 수 있다.

☞ 각 유형을 익혀 두면 생소하지 않게, 문제를 들을 수 있다.

   1) 평서문 뒤에 붙는 부가 의문문 형태

      You just got back from Jakarta, didn't you?      쟈카르타에서 막 오셨죠, 그쵸?

   2) be 동사로 묻는 과거, 미래 형태

      Were you able to get an appointment for anytime soon?

      빠른 시간으로 예약을 잡을 수 있었나요?

      Will you be able to get an appointment for anytime soon?

      빠른 시간으로 예약을 잡을 수 있을까요?

   3) 완료 시제로 묻는 형태 (Yes/No Question 중에서는 많이 나오는 유형이다.)

      Have you seen the unemployment figures?      실업률 수치 봤어요?

      -> Yes, they picked up to some degree.          예, 좀 올라갔더라고요.

          (Yes나 No로 일단 답해 놓고, 설명이 뒤따르는 형태가 보통이다.)

   4) 조동사로 시작하는 의문문

      Will the conference be started at ten?      회의가 10시에 시작됩니까?

      (Can) May I get reimbursed for the decorations I bought for Jerry's birthday party?

       제리 생일 파티 때 내가 샀던 장식물 비용 정산 받을 수 있나요?

      -> Do you have all the receipts?          영수증들 다 챙겼어요?

      -> Yes, if you have the receipts.          예, 영수증만 있으면 되요.

Reading

 part 5 

① 어휘(15개)

1... follow the basic precautions. (기본적인 예방책을 따르다.)

2 in honor of Mr. Kim.

3 employees with a minimum of six year's experience.

4 you should stir the source.......... (휘젓다)

5 changes have been made to the proposal. (제안서에 변경사항이 만들어지다. 추가 되     다)

6 his ideas were fresh and innovative....... (아이디어가 신선하고 혁신적이다.)

7 in the strongest possible terms..  (가능한 가장 강한 표현으로)

8 child care center, available to all members.(이용할 수 있는)

9 one of the aims of the annual convention, (연례 모임의 목적 중의 하나)

10 has a profound influence on the company's planning.(심오한 영향력을 가지고 있다.)

11 obtain necessary accounting certification. (certified,  certify) (자격증)

12 It is sure that the models you have selected/ comply with all ... (compliance,              compliant 등과 혼동되는 문제. 주어는 models)

13 running short, attached schedule 등.

② 품사결정(11개)

14 they are enjoyed equally by both children and adults......

15 the company allocated more resources resource에서 resources가 맞았던 문제

16 He explained how communication skills can propel... (communicative 등과 혼동...)

17 the use of protective equipment (protect, protection 등과 혼동...) 

18 It is clear that (clearly 등과 혼동..)

19 we should continue pursuing potential customers aggressively. (aggressive, aggression)

20  He was asked to represent the opposing point of view. ( opposed, opposite과 혼동되      는 문제) 참고 We are opposed to the plan. 처럼 주로 사람과 함께 쓰임.

③ 동사형태(4개)

21  Each month, OO 단체 donates the money from one movie showing to a charity...

    (기부하다.)

22  she usually charges high fees for...(청구하다.)

23  ..spending on...... will have to be reduced by 60% over the next eight months.

    (전치사 over 는 during에 의미로 쓰일 수 있다.)

24  so that these can be streamlined (~할 수 있도록 so~that 구문과 비교할 것)

④ 전치사 (4개)

25  in order to concentrate on... (이밖에도 focus on, emphasize on 도 중요)

26  with little concern for public opinion. (대중의견에 대해 관심을 갖지 않고)

27  An event was postponed due to an approaching storm. (=because of)

28  A beach and trees beside the sea make the resort a good place to be.

    ( ~ 옆에 : besides는 in addition to 의 뜻으로 게다가 라는 의미)

⑤ 접속사(2개)

29  and is ....

30  as long as maintenance checks are performed regularly

    (~ 하는 한)

⑥ 관계대명사(1개)

31  12,000 workers, all of whom live and work in the metropolitan area.

(토익의 관계대명사는 주격과 소유격이 출제 빈도가 높다 최근에 소유격이 잘 나온다.)

⑦ 급(2개)

32  .....but actually costs less. 값이 적게 나가다. (cost는 동사)

33  more quickly than (quickly- 부사의 원급.)

⑧ 기타.

34  Without a doubt, the number of manufacturing jobs will decrease as advances...

    (의심할 여지 없이)

35  By no means = On no account  결코 .....이 아니다. 

Part 6

① 중복의 오류(성분의 중복)-2개

36  주어의 중복: The supervisor he will notify that ....... (he가 중복되었음.)

    (일반명사로는 받을 수 있지만 대명사 중복은 불가능)

② 품사의 오류(4개)

37  The impressive structural was... (-> 명사형 structure로 )

38  .... should give encourage to the employees. (-> 명사형 courage로 )

39  has outstanding qualified for position, (-> qualification 으로 )

40  to maximize the effective of ...... (-> 명사형 effect로 )

③ 동사형태 (4개)

- 수 일치

41  단수 주어 (관계절) are (-> is)

42  the number of .... are  (-> is) (A number of 와 구별할 것)

43  many + 단수동사         (-> 복수동사)

④ 전치사 (3개)

44  deal the problems (→ deal with..) : 누락됨

45  After twenty years stage performances (→ years of stage) →누락됨

46  is comparable of  (→to, with와 어울림) : 잘못된 전치사

⑤ 접속사 (2개)

47  -주어....and 동사.....(→ and가 빠져야 함)

48  -주어 동사....that 주어 동사 by a fallen tree. (문맥상, that-> because로 바뀌어야 함)

⑥ 관계대명사의 선행사와의 일치 (1개)

49  사람 which.. (→ who)

⑦ 명사 (1개)

50  The corporation's legal advising has counseled...... (사람을 뜻하는 advisor로)

 ⑧ 기타 (2개)

51  Thousand of delegates....  (→ Thousands) (막연한 수를 나타 낼때 복수사용)

52 주어 prevents us from releasing the information O have requested. (→ you have          requested 주어you가 있어야 함.)

⑨ 준동사 (1개)

53 fail completing  (→ to complete)

Part 7

총 지문 15개

서신: 4개(e-mail 한 개 포함), notice: 3개, article: 3개, 광고: 3개, 정보: 2개

[12. e-mail]

한 음악가(singer라 간주됨)가 자신의 CD Jacket(cover)의 design에 대한 color preference(light blue background가 좋아 보인다고 언급)를 확인(confirm‎)하는 내용.

다음에 할 일은? make sure all musicians' names are correct → verify the list of musicians

[utility company에서 온 letter]

water bill이 갑자기 올라간 것에 대한 조언을 보낸 것..

대개 leaks(물이 샘)가 있는 경우가 많으니, check해 보라는 내용. 지문에서 the bill for the quarter라는 말에서

every 3 months가 답이 된다.

leaks → leaking pipes

the purpose of the letter → to advise of possible problems.

[spreadsheet program을 만들어 주는 회사의 광고]

-지문에서 강조한 것은 이 회사는 retail sector만을 취급한다는 내용이 있다 → a clothing store가 potential client가 된다. (a bank/...는 소매업이 아님)

-the program will be ready when promised. 에서 → the product will be delivered on time.

-free로 제공되는 것은?

-if problems arise, service can be done at your business place. → on-site visit for service

[notice on airline regulation 항공사 규칙에 대한 알림 글] Booking이 overlap 되었을 때 boarding이 거절(deny)이 될 수 있고, 이때 compensation policy에 대해 설명하는 내용.

이외에 product warranty registration card(상품 보장 등록 카드), notice at museum entrance( 박물관 입구의 공지사항), letter from fitness center(헬스 클럽에서 온 letter), Job advertisement, article on allergy, announcement on health center. 등.

Part 5

[어휘]  약 14개.

54 The representative who went to the trade show, was supposed to report all new           orders directly to the main office. (곧바로)

55  ...with the specific information...(상세한)    (specific/specify/specifically/specifier 중에서)

56  construction of the building.. (공사)

57  one's neutrality. (중립, 소유격 다음에는 명사형. neutral, neutrally 중에서)

58  be satisfied with sth..... (사람이 주어 일때 반드시 수동형)

59  would be filled with ........ (fill, filling... 중에서)

60  accessible to .... (accessible 은 형용사 명사형은 access 모두 to 와 어울린다.)

61  exposure to sun.... (햇빛에 노출)

62  the most challenging job....

63  be made primarily of

64  The shuttle bus will depart from the designated hotel..... ( 지정된 호텔에서 출발한다.)

65  requires one form of identification. (신분증)

66  the answering service takes your messages ...

67  a rich source of information. (풍부한)

68  To prevent the problem we had experienced with the last shipment....

69  a shop located in (~에 위치한 가게. 뒤에서 수식하는 과거분사)

[품사]  약 15개.

70  informed +사람 when S V...(~에게 알리다. notify도 비슷한 의미 전치사 사용안함)

71  as tightly as possible (as~as사이에는 많은 표현이 올 수 있으므로 문맥상 알맞은 것을      찾아야 겠다. 하지만 원급만 사용할 수 있음에 주의)

72  주어.. has the poorest attendance ..of the entire department.

    (poorer/poorly/most poorly/poorest 중에서)

73  a supervisor's job is offering guidance and encourage in tackling....

    (->guidance and encouragement로 고칠 것, 즉 명사 and 명사, 병렬)

[대명사]- 2개

74  it과 their를 넣는 문제..

[전치사] - 4개

75  benefit from

76  lag behind  뒤쳐지다.

77  succeed in

78  Under the new management 가 출제되었습니다.

[동사형태] - 2개

79  사물 + will be exported

80  If the government reduces..., small firms (will go) bankrupt. (파산하다. =go into ～ 파      산하다. be in ～ 파산해 있다.  will go/have gone/went/goes 중에서)

[숙어] -1 개

81  by means of …에 의하여.    by ～s of diagrams[words] 도표[말]로, 도표에 의하면.

82  in accordance with..(~에 따라, ~과 일치하여 according to와 같은 맥락)

[관계대명사] - 1 개

83  선행사가 언어(=사물)의 의미의 Russian( → which가 답)

(관계대명사 주격은 관계사 다음에 동사 소유격은 명사가 오고 관계사 다음 문장이 완벽하다는 것으로 주격과 소유격을 구별하고 선행사가 사람이냐 사물이냐 구별할 것)

[수식어 결정] - 1 개

84  명사구 앞에 such를 넣는 문제..  so... that과 such .... that의 구분.

    such high attendance that.... (명사구도 명사 취급한다는 것을 명심할 것)

 [상관구조] - 1 개

either A or B

85  ...will arrive (either) today or tomorrow. (or/on/both/either중에서)

[접속사]

86  ...informed his supervisor (when) he noticed...   (despite/when/as well/because of)

(접속사는 단 한번도 빠지지 않았음. 의미상으로 고르기와 접속사 다음에 절이 온다는 것)

 Part 6

항상 나오는 것은 품사의 오류 3-5개,  동사의 형태오류 1-4개

전치사 2-3개,   일치의 오류 1-3개 등이 문제들이 어김없이 나왔습니다.

87  check for -> check

88  consistent of -> consistent with(~과 일치한다.)

89  A notice showing today's special events are posted .... -> is

90  The local electronic company, along with ..... providers, are lowering.....

   -> along with, together with, accompanied by, in addition, such as와 같은 삽입구와       와도 주어가 단수일 경우에는 동사도 무조건 단수. -> is.

91  Elana's efficient and enthusiasm are going to  (명사 and 명사꼴이므로 -> efficiency.)

92  an update manual (X)  -> an updated manual (O)

93  are not eligibility for (X)  -> are not eligible for (O)  

94  that is clear that they are- (X)  -> it is clear that they are- (O)

95  nearing the park.  -> near the park.

96  many the companies... -> many of the companies...

97  They ......... its sth.........  -> 이 문장에선 의미상 their로.

Part 7

[food consumption 에 대한 분기당의 도표..]

[ a theater company의 a drama에 대한 광고]

a play가 답인 것이 있었고, opening night에 free posters등을 준다고 있었으므로, 첫날이 답이었음.

[ Copenhagen에 대한 article]

Copenhagen의 지형적 특성 때문에, business center로서 부상했고, an international airport에 대한 언급이 있었음.

[ 구인광고1]

글의 title에 in-house(사내의)란 말이 있고, human resources department에서 글을 쓴 주체로 나온 것을 보아서 대외적으로 낸 광고가 아니고, 회사내의 bulletin board등에 있을 만한 글임!

[interview에 대한 감사의 편지]

먼저 interview에 대해(conducted yesterday) 감사하며, 자기는 고용된다면, a great contribution이 될 수 있다고 피력...

만약에 personal references가 필요하면 연락을 하라고...

첫 번째 문제 누가 interview를 conduct했는가? 의 답은 Dear...에 나온 사람이름!

[구인광고2]

Chief Financial Officer(CFO)를 구하는 광고..

salary 정보를 보내라고 했음(끝에..)

지문에는 previous, current, desired income이란 말을 사용. 보기에는 → a salary history

채용되는 경우, 누구한테 report to하게 되는가? president of the company!

[public library의 renovation에 대한 article]

이제 곧 renovation이 진행될 예정이라고 시작하며, 몇 년 전에 얘기가 나왔지만. funding이 없어서 이제야 하게 되었으며, funding의 형성과정과 source에 대한 paragraph가 있었고, 200년의 역사를 가진 이 건물의 기원(a church)에 대한 paragraph가 있었습니다.

처음에 무엇으로 사용되었었나?   → a place of worship

[ Self-cleaning Oven]에 사용 설명

latch를 너무 세게 누르지 말라는 설명이 답!

마지막에 남은 white은 cloth로 닦아내라는 것이 답

[ ticket reservation에 대한 notice]

cancellation policy에 관한 정보가 있었음.

3주전에 cancel하면 얼마의 penalty?

the attached itinerary → a travel outline

Part 5

어휘. (15개)

prevented, equipped with, available, fiscal year, automobile division, be subject to, repairs, completion, by a reduction, adequately, additional,  등등 답이 된 단어들.

98  give in to the union's demands. (~에 굴복/양보하다.=yield to. or, 제출, 전달하다.)

99  revealed the strong preference. (강력한 선호도를 보여주다.)

100  speak to each employee personally about sth.

101  express 설명하다, 표현하다. ～oneself in good French 능숙한 불어로 의견을 말하다

동사형태: 3개

102  has been enhanced(강화되다), was, be held(개최되다)

품사/어형결정: 9개

repairs, transportation,

103  a presiding officer. 사회자,

104  waste water as efficiently as ...

전치사: 4개 (다소 많은 편임)

105  from, beyond, besides

격: 1개 = ourselves

접속사(관계대명사포함): 3개 = unless, both A and B. 

106  ....... programs, which are good....

To 부정사: 1개 (나머지 보기는 동사였음)   = to establish(목적)

급: 1개

107  Of those applicants..... ,  the better qualified one. (그 신청자들 중에서(of) 가장 적절한 사람은.... 중요 비교급 문형.)

대명사: 2개  = they, neither

Part VI

동사형태오류: 2개  

108  All maintenance workers on that shift needs to ............

 =주어가 복수이므로 needs(단수)가 복수형으로 고쳐져야겠지요.

-품사의 오류: 5개

109  leave prompt at 6:00 am -> leave promptly

110  the kind of flexibly -> the kind of flexibility

111 convenient located -> conveniently located

 Every exits should be well maintained......... as well as convenient located...

 = well maintained 라고 해서 부사(well)가 분사를 수식하는 구조이므로, 뒤에 located(분사) 역시 부사에 의해서 수식을 받아야하므로 conveniently로 고침

112  except S V. -> except that S V...

113  in order to finding -> in order to find.

114  presumably, already, next, yet, 등의 동사 수식 부사.

-전치사 오류: 3개

115  interest for -> interest in

116  in this weekend -> this weekend

117  faced of -> faced with

-수량형용사(수식어)오류: 2개

118  much people -> many people

119  almost the people -> most of the people or most people,

-주어의 중복:

120  주어(상당히 길었음) it may soon become a reality... -> it을 빼야 함

-문맥상의 오류: anything -> nothing

121  is typing -> is typed

-명사형태의 오류: 5개

122  1. [N1 -> N2]형의 오류: rivalries -> rivals (사물 -> 사람)

123  2. 가산 명사의 관사의 누락: 2개  age, exhibition

124  Currently, on display was exhibition..... 주어가 도치된 형태. an exhibition 앞에 관사.

125  at age of 40..  -> at the age of 40..... (정관사 삽입.)

3. [불가산명사 -> 가산명사]형의 오류: 1개

126  an advertising -> an advertisement (advertising은 광고라는 불가산명사

     advertisement가 광고물이다. shipping 은 선적, 선적비 shipment가 선적물)

4. [가산명사-> 복수명사]형의 오류: 1개

127  savings bank -> savings banks

5. [-ever 형태로] 1개   which team -> whichever team

128 (which 앞에 선행사가 없을 때. 복합 관계대명사 절을 취해야 함.)

Part 7

총 16개의 지문, 간단히 topic을 정리하면,

[구인광고] 

[an office complex의 평면도]

[Jamaican traditional dish의 recipe 조리법]

[membership의 expiration을 알리는 letter] - annual membership renewal을 알리는 글,

[rail로 떠나는 luxurious package tour에 대한 info.]

[새로운 battery에 대한 article]

[인사의 변화에 대한 공지]

[conference에 대한 notice]

[두 회사의 간부들의 annual meeting에 참석 여부를 묻는 letter]

[travel expenses를 줄이기 위해 staff에게 전하는 instruction 을 담은 memorandum]

[easy to install 설치하기 쉬운/  dome의 announcement.]

[food eval‎uation form. 음식 평가 기록]

[job applicant 의 reference letter.]

[convention 등록 절차와 회비 내용- discount rate, regular rate, late fee,]

[in-house post(회사 내부 공지문) travle expenses를 줄이기reduce 하기 위해 early purchasing을 유도하는 내용.

(2) 시험 후기 모음 II - 총 202 문제

1. before ____ to their food-preparation 

(returning/ to return/ return/ returned)   (before가 전치사이므로)

2. .... taken into ____ as we plan the marketing strategy.

 ( consider/ considerate/ consideration/ considered) 

3.  ____ high that many people decide to stay ....

 so/ such/ too/ very (답: so  so.. that 사이에는 형/부사. such .... that 에는 주로 명사. )

4. narrow down the lists to 100. (명단을 100으로 좁히다.)

5. put in for a transfer. (전근을 요청하다. =request.)

6.  which built in 1990.  X  -> which was built in 1990

7.  ... became vacancy ... X -> became vacant... (형용사 보어)

8.  ....... unless accompanied by and adult.. (성인을 동반하지 않았다면, 접속사 unless 다음에는 [주어 동사]가 생략되어 분사구문이 가능. however 와 혼동되는 문제.)

9.  be consistent of ... X -> consistent with/ in. of와는 어울리지 않음.

    cf. He is consistent in his actions. 그는 행동에 일관성이 있다.

    You are not consistent with yourself. 당신은 모순 되어 있습니다.

10.  in an error X  -> in error. 잘못 생각[오해]하여. (일반적(추상) 오류를 의미, 불가산)

     cf. make[commit] an error 실수하다, 잘못하다. (실수 하나를 의미할 때 관사 첨가.)

11.  주어 low the prices ..... X  -> lower the prices. (low는 형/부사로만 씀. 가격을 낮추다      는 동사는 lower)

12.  sports complexity.  X  -> sports complex. (종합 경기장. complex는 단지를 의미함.

     cf. apartment complex.)

13.  further evidence   (더 자세한 증거. evident, evidency 중에서.)

14.  be transferable to .. (품사, 어휘로 구분. transferred, transmit 중에서.) 

15.  the first phase of development ....  (계발 첫 단계 : 어휘. 문맥으로 찾기.)

16.  notify. (알리다. 뒤에 전치사 없이 사람이 바로 온다.)

cf. ～ the citizens to assemble in front of the station 시민들에게 역전에 모이도록 알리다.

17.  cost-effective. 가격 효율적인.

18. accordingly, (동사 수식, or He was told to speak briefly, ～ he cut short his              remarks. 짤막하게 이야기해 달라고 해서 그는 자기 의견을 간단하게 말했다. 그래서       정도로 문장을 연결하는 부사.=therefore.)

19.  interfere with.  ~ with sth.= sth을 방해하다. / ~ in sth. = sth에 간섭하다, 참견하다.

20.  take advantage of, (관사없이. ~을 이용하다.)

21  No sooner .... than/when/before S + V ...... (~하자마자 ~했다.)

22.  under construction,(공사중)

23.  aside from minor corrections, …은 별도로 하고. 제외하고,(사소한 교정은 별도로 하       고.) cf. Aside from his salary, he receives his pension every month. 그는 급료 외에       매월 연금을 받는다.

24.  if S had p.p ......... S would have been eliminated..... (가정법 과거 완료.)

25.  will remain open until ........ by / until 의 구분. (계속 열려있는 상태로 남아있으므로       until. 완료의 의미는 by. 사전에서 많은 예문을 꼭 확인하길.)

26.  a variety of, (명사형 variety 찾기.)

27.  despite S + V...  X   -> although S + V .....  (despite, in spite of는 전치사.)

28.  these / those 구별하기. (문맥으로 구별)]

29.  the heaviest loads.  최상급.

30.  S insist(s) that S (should) be ......  (제안, 주장, 권유의 내용은 ~해야만 한다고 주장,       제안하다는 내용을 유도하므로 that 절에 (should) + 동사원형 꼴로 와야함.)

31.  S need(s) to receive ......     (부정사형 찾기 문제)

32.  Developing a dynamic approach to high tech.... is essential ....... (동명사 주어일 때        단수동사. development 형이 되면 뒤에 명사구를 목적어로 취하지 못함.)

33.  S extend(s) our thanks to sob. (대명사의 소유격 찾기. 우리의 감사를 확대하다. 대단      히 감사한다.)

34.  applying  X  -> application. (명사형이 따로 있고 32번처럼 목적어가 오지 않으면 굳      이 동명사를 쓰지 않음.)

35.  performers  X  -> performance. (사람인지 실행인지 문맥으로 파악.)

36.  in the recommendation of X  -> on ....... (-의 추천으로 하여)

37.  touch down in (=land in) (착륙하다)

38.  give _____ opinions that... (they, their, theirs, themselves 중에서.)

39.  One is....., but _____ indicated that (any, other, another, either)

40. ____ companies are ..... (the most, almost, most, most of =대부분의)

cf.  almost all the students, almost every student, almost no student

    most of the companies, most of their companies, most of us

41. He ____ me about... (told, suggested, recommended..)

 cf.  tell은 'He told me about the accident.'  'He told me that he was sick.

     He told me to go out of the room.' 등의 세 가지 형태로 사용.

     suggest나 recommend는 He suggested/recommended I (should) go. 의 형태로.

42. Consumer products division ______ a new cap.

   (introduce, was introduced, has introduced 주어가 단수. 목적어가 되는 a new cap 때문     에 수동태는 불가능. )

43.  They learned that the two colleagues ______ after the vacation

    (fired, had fired, had been fired 방학이 끝났을 때 해고가 되었다는 것을 알았다는 의      미이므로 한 시제 앞. 수동형 필요.)

44.  The company expanded the capacity of the communication network (용량 의미의 어       휘 찾기.)

45. at a reasonable price (적절한, 합리적인 어휘 찾기. 또한 at에도 주목. price, rate,          pace, 등의 단어와 at이 결합)

46.  S agree to (replace) the faulty motor with a new one (대체하다, 교환하다)

   cf. replace A with B = substitute B for A. (사전 예문 확인.)

47. The internet guide is (analyzed) to be useful...(분석하다. 가이드는 유용하게 쓰이도록      분석이 되어있다.)

48.  his (early) retirement (조기의 퇴직, 숙어.)

49. company is (continually) dumping ....(계속적으로, 동사 수식 부사.)

50. the inn (compensated) me for its mistake (보상하다, 어휘. 전치사 for)

51. recent (advances) in medical technology (진보, 복수형에 주의.)

52. eval‎uate employees' ________ ( performance/ performing/ performed/ perform)

 (고용자들의 업무 실행을 평가하다. employees 복수형 -s 의 소유격 형태에 주의)

53. break ground. (기공식을 하다. 숙어.)

54. out of work = unemployed 실직한.

55. the company collaborated with a German firm to lay the groundwork of the research

56. an endangered species 멸종위기에 처한. cf extinction= 멸종, 단절.

57. go successfully  / finally approve / treat........politely (어울리는 동사 수식 부사구)  

58. throughout the world (nations)

59. strictly prohibited  /  strictly impressive

60. (before, by, at) the end of month (문맥에 따라 선택.)

61. improve the chances of ～ (opportunity는 안됨)

62. deposit unused parts 신제품의, 사용되지 않은 / designated part 지정된, 정해진. 설치      하다.

63. built 1990 → built in 1990

64. be entirely alone today

65. be dealt with.. (with 생략되면 틀림)

67. same as 와 such as의 구분

68. earn wage (o) gain wage (x)

69. neither... nor, as long as  접속사의 의미 

70. the poorest attendance

71. counted number  제한적인 숫자...

72. in honor of ～

73. be consistent with 의 어형 문제 (of가 나오면 틀림.) 

74. take(assume) the responsibility for 

75. in accordance with .. 과 일치하여  / accord 일치하다 (with) 조화, 합의하다.

76. rather : 다소, 얼마간, 아주, 상당한...

77. the third edition of...

78. without a doubt, s + v

79. ～, it remains to be seen  결과는 두고 봐야 한다

80. any of equipment (one 은 가산명사에만 사용, equipment는 토익에서는 불가산 명사.) 

81. the reserved area. (reserved 예약된, 지정된)

82. the production schedule (N + N 유형 즉, 복합명사/ 생산 일정.)

83. to detach the last section (detach 떼어내다 반대는 attach)

84. to have some question concerning... (question concerning--에 관한 질문)

85. to comply with regulations, code, rule 등 ( 규정을 지키다/~에 따르다, 순응하다)

86. to have access to (접근하다, 이용하다/ access 앞에 형용사 unlimited 넣기)

87. approximately 10,000 customers (approximately 대략 )

88. be assigned to employees (assign 할당하다)

89. to obtain certification (certification 수료증, 증명서, / 획득하다)

90the concerns of stockholders (명사+전)

91. with the written consent (consent 동의 일반적으로 to 와 함께 쓴다.)

92. at considerable expense(considerable 상당히 많은/ expense: 비용, 어휘문제)

93. to customize for users (customize 주문 제작하다)

94. a dedicated and talented team (dedicated 헌신적인/ dedication /n/ )

95. be favorably received by (favorably/부/ 호의적으로)

96. They finally agreed to(finally/부/ 마침내)

97. the former presidents (전 사장/대통령 cf, formal 형식적인. )

98. a marked increase in (명+전/ increase in --에 증가)

99. to meet their needs (meet 충족시키다)

100. to be promptly submitted (promptly/부/ 신속히)

101. to increase rapidly (rapidly/부/ 빠르게. dramatically/부/)

102. to come in first/second/third(1등/2등/3등 하다)

103. to appreciate the hospitality (hospitality 호의 ,환대, '01/3 TOEIC )

104. marginal interest ( marginal 적은 관심)

105. the aims of the convention (aim 목표)

106. in the foreseeable future (forseeable 가까운 미래에)

107. As part of the project (프로젝트의 일부(part)로)

108. at a reasonable price (reasonable 적절한 합리적인)

109. be supposed to do (be supposed to --일 것이다)

110. the capacity of the computers (capacity  능력, 용량)

111. to be developed concurrently (concurrently 협력해서)

112. to influence pricing (influence (가격에) 영향을 미치다)

113. staff productivity (productivity 생산성)

115. sweaters made of wool (made of -로 만들어진)

116. between A and B (-사이에/2개)

117. on the waiting list ( list 대기자 목록에)

118. the charity in honor of the president (in honor of -을 기념하여/-을 위해서)

119. repeated absenteeism (반복되는 결근)

120. 현재완료+ for the past three years (지난 3년 간)

▶ Part V 기출 표현 정리

121. 의학 기술의 진전: advances in medical technology

122. 서류 두통: the documents in duplicate

123. 이 달 말에: at the end of this month

124. 가망이 있는 고객: potential(prospective) client

125. 회계 연도: the fiscal year

126. 가까운 장래에: in the forseeable future

127. 관련 주제: the issues involved

128. 기존 장비: existing equipment

129. 설득력 있는 주장(논의): persuasive argument 등등

130. ～에 대한 긴급한 요청: urgent request for～

131. 난방 설비: heating system

132. 영업부: sales department - sale department(×)

133. 세관 신고: customs declaration - custom declaration(×)

134. 요구를 충족시키다: meet one's needs

135. 기부하다(모금하다): contribute one's donations

136. 토대가 되다: serve as the foundation

137. 시장 전략: marketing strategy

138. 편의를 위해: for your convenience

139. 아주 조심스럽게 사용하다: use extreme caution

140. 선적 부서: the shipping division (자동차 부서: the automobile division)

141. 형용할 수 없다: defy description

142. 고객만족: customer satisfaction

143. 만장일치의 결정: a unanimous decision (주의 anX)

144. 취재범위: media coverage (보험보상범위: insurance coverage)

145. 직속상관: immediate supervisor

146. 어려움을 겪다: go through a difficult time

147. 성차별: gender discrimination

148. 최소의 이익: marginal interest

149. 자금을 창출하다: generate funds

150. ~에 미치다(이르다): come close to

151. 계획을 발표하다: reveal the plan

151. 최선을 다하다: do one's best/utmost

152. 멸종위기에 처한 종들: endangered species

153. 구금/감금하다: take (someone) into custody

154. ~의 가격부담으로: at one's expense

155. 병가를 주다: accord sick leave

▶ Part V 기출 전치사 용법 정리

156 This area of the city

157 at a surprisingly fast pace(놀랍게 빠른 속도로)

158 throughout the world (around the world)

159 in conclusion: 결론적으로

160 touched down: 착륙하다

161 at all times: 항상

162 Under the new management: 새로운 경영진의 지도아래

163 in spite of(despite): ～에도 불구하고

164 except: ～을 제외하고

165 along the beach: 해변을 따라

166 by phone: 교통 통신 수단은 by

167 in Beijing: 큰 장소는 in

168 within our company/ organization: 우리 회사/조직, 기구 내에

169 on March 31(3월 31일에): 날짜에는 on

170 in 2001(2001년에), in June(6월에), in summer: 연, 월, 계절 등에는 in 

<빈출어휘>

171 제공하다: hold out (1999년 1월)

172 마찬가지로 (정확)하다: just as (accurate) (1999년 2월)

173 통과하다, 합격하다: get through (1999년 2월)

174 자격이 있는: be eligible for (1999년 3월)

175 자격이 있다: be entitled to do (2001년 4월)

176 ～에 의해서: by means of (1999년 3월)

177 ～에 아무의 주의를 환기시키다: call one's attention to (1999년 4월)

178 ～에 따라: according to (1999년 4월)

179 ～할 가능성이 있다: be likely to 부정사 (1999년 5월)

180 아직～하지 못하다: have yet to 부정사 (1999년 5월)

181 계산해 두다, 기억하고 있다: keep track of (1999년 6월)

182 관심이 있다: be interested in (1999년 7월)

183 이용하다: take advantage of (1999년 8월)

184 발효하다: come into effect (1999년 9월)

185 ～의 비용으로: at one's expense (1999년 9월)

186 결론적으로: in conclusion (1999년 9월)

187 ～에 책임이 있다: be responsible for (2000년 2월)

188 보충하다: make up for (2000년 2월)

189 뿐만 아니라: in addition to (2000년 2월)

190 3등하다: come in third (2000년 3월)

191 (범위 등을) 한정하다: narrow down A to B (2000년 3월)

192 시간 전에: ahead of time (2000년 4월)

193 ～하기 쉬운: be subject to on behalf of (2000년 4월)

194～은 제외하고: aside from (2000년 5월)

195 참다, 견디다: put up with (2000년 5월)

196 방해하다: interfere with (2000년 7월)

197 미리: in advance (2000년 7월)

198 ～에 따르다: comply with (2000년 8월)

199 ～할 수 있다: be capable of ～ing (2000년 10월)

200 승인하다: approve of (2000년 10월)

201 ～대신에: in stead of (2000년 11월)

202 고려하다: take sth into consideration (2000년 11월) 

(3) 전치사와 엮이는 기출 문제 시리즈. (총137문제 )

전치사 ON:

1. have an impact(혹은 effect) on +명사--에 영향을 주다. 절대 onto가 아님!

2. decide on +명사 --으로 결정짓다.

3. plan on ~ing-- 을 계획하다.

4. agree on +안건 --에 동의하다.

5. spend money on +명사--에 돈을 쓰다.

6. tax on+명사--에 대한 세금

7. impose tax on imported goods--(수입품)에 대해 세금을 부과하다.

8. depend (rely, count) on +명사 --에 의존하다.

9. on behalf of 사람 --누구누구)를 대신하여

10. A survey on customer preference--소비자 기호도에 대한 여론조사(~~에관한)

전치사 TO:

1. be limited to --으로 국한되어있다.

2. due to- ~ 때문에

3. be admitted to- ~에 입장하다.

4. prior to- ~전에 (절대 earlier to 가아님!)

5. contribute to --에 기여하다.

6. lead to -- result in --결과를 낳다, --을 초래하다.

7. object to -- 에반대하다.

8. apply to --에 적용하다.

9. contribute to --에 기여하다

10. with regard to --에 대해

11. subscribe to 잡지이름 --~~을 정기 구독하다.

12. attribute to --에 기인하다.

13. be subject to --영향을) 받기 쉬운(허락을 ) 받아야하는 예) The prices are subject to change. 가격은 바뀔 수 있습니다. This plan is subject to your approval. 이 계획은 당신의 허락을 받아야합니다.

14. be entitled to--할 자격이 있다.

15. commitment to--~~에 대한 헌신,전념

16. refer to--을 참고하다.*** in reference to --~~에 관하여=about

17. owing to--~~ 때문에

18. dedicate oneself to--~~에 대해 헌신, 전념하다.

전치사 FOR:

1. except for--을 제외하고

2. apply for --에 지원하다. 을 신청하다.

3. ask for --을 요청하다.

4. request for --을 요청하다.

5. be qualified for--할 자격이 있다

6. be liable for = responsible for --에 대해 책임이 있다.

7. be eligible for--할 자격이있다.

8. make up for = compensate for ~~에 대해 보상하다. 절대make over for이 아님!!

9. discount vouchers for the exhibition -전람회할인권(용도)

10. substitute A for B.  cf replace B with A

11. for + 기간을 나타내는 숫자 예) for 10 years

since + 과거 시점, 과거절 예) since yesterday

during + 고정된기간 예) during this summer

전치사 AT:

1. at the end of the month-- 월말에

2. at its(소유격) peak 최고조에 이른

3. at the meeting  회의장에서

4. at the rate of-- ~~의 비율로(비율이나 속도를 나타내는 단어에는 at 을쓴다)

5. at a surprisingly fast pace--놀랄만한 속도로 예) run at 50m/h

  cf. at a reduced price: 할인된 값으로

6. at first 처음에 (by first란 말은 없음!)

7. at random 임의로, 무작위로

8. at least 최소한

9. at once 즉시 = immediately

10. at all times: 항상

전치사 FROM:

1. benefit from -- 로부터 혜택을 받다.

2. collect from--로부터 (돈 등을)걷다.

3. differ from --과 다르다 = be different from

4. withdraw from --- 로부터 돈을 꺼내다, --로부터 철수하다

5. prevent(stop, ban) A from ~ing ---A가 ~ing 못하게 방지하다

6. protect A from B ---B로부터 A를 보호하다.

7. judging from-- ~~로 미루어보아

8. retire from / 혹은 as+직책명 --직에서 물러나다.

9. be far from --~~과는 거리가 멀다.

전치사 IN:

1. be involved in- 관여하다.

2. be engaged in-에 관련하다.

3. in the suburbs of--~~의 외곽에

4. be in charge of~의 책임을 맡다.

5. in the event of (= in case of)~~의 경우에

 cf. in the event that 주어 + 동사 (= in case that)~~ 의 경우에

6. in front of--~~ 의 앞에

7. in spite of (=despite)--~~에도 불구하고

8. in comparison with--과 비교하여

9. in the mail (by mail) 우편으로 put A in the mail 발송하다

10. in effect = valid 유효한, 효력이 있는

11. in the corner office 모퉁이 사무실에

12. in stock (반대말 out of stock ) 재고를 보유중인 (다 떨어진)

13. in print (반대말 out of print) 발간되고 있는 (절판된)

14. in recession (out of recession)불황에 빠진 ( 벗어난)

15. be skilled in ~ing-- ~에 능숙하다. cf. be skillful in/at/with= be good at

16. participate in (= take part in)- 에 참석하다.

17. stop in, drop in, come in --~~에 잠시 들르다.

18. invest in--~~에 투자하다

19. be interested in--~~에 관심이 있다.

20. wait in line-- 줄서서 기다리다.

21. in +1997, April

22. in response to--~~에 대한 응답으로써

23. in terms of --~~라는 점에서, ~~라는 견지에서

24. turn in, hand in(= submit)--~~을 제출하다

25. in accordance with--~~에 따라서

26. in advance = ahead of time --미리

27. in a row-- 줄줄이, 연달아

28. in conclusion: 결론적으로

29. in bulk 다량으로  .in bulks (X)

30. in the vicinity of our home 우리 집 근처에

전치사 OF:

1. instead of-- ~~ 대신에

2. be desirous of ---~~을 열망하는

3. be appreciative of --에 대해 감사히 여기다.

4. be capable of --할 능력이 있는

5. accuse A of B --A 를 B 에 대해 비난하다. 고소하다.

6. approve of--~을 승인하다.

7. on account of-- ~때문에

8. take advantage of--~~을 이용하다. take the advantage of는 틀림

9. be in charge of--~~책임을 맡다.

10. regardless of--~~에 관계없이

전치사 WITH:

1. agree with 사람--~~와 동의하다.

2. comply with--(규칙이나 법 등)~~을 순응하다.

3. be associated with --과 관련이 있다

4. provide(supply) A with B --A에게 B를 공급하다.

 cf. provide B for(to) A.   We provide first-class standards for service.

5. present A with B -- A 에게 B를 주다. 선사하다.

6. be familiar with--~~에 대해 잘 알다.

7. with high unemployment rates,--높은 실업 상황 하에서( 상황을 나타내는 with)

8. deal (cope) with--~~을 다루다. 처리하다.

9. with the exception of( with a few exceptions)--~~ 을 제외하고 = except(전치사)

 cf. with few exceptions. 거의 예외 없이. (관사 a 의 유무에 차이.)

10. with care--조심스럽게

11. help 사람 with 도움내용 --He helped me with my homework.

전치사 INTO:

1. go into effect-- 효력을 발생하다.  = come into effect.

2. into the next century-- 다음 세기로

3. change( turn, convert, shift) A into B --A를 B로 바꾸다.

4. be taken into custody--수감되다.

5. take A into effect. A를 시행하다.  cf. be in (still) effect. 유효하다.

전치사 BY:

1. rise by 20%-- 정도나 차이를 나타내는 by: 앞에 증가나 감소의 의미의 동사가 온다

2. abide by 법 등을)을 준수하다.= comply with

3. stop by, come by, drop by + 장소 --~~에 들르다.=visit casually

4. by +날짜, 요일, 시각--~~까지 (시한, 기한의 by = no later than)

예) by the end of the week 이번 주 말까지

5. I was taken by surprise.--놀라다

그 외...

1.fill out--(서류 등을) 작성하다 fill up 이 아님, cf. fill in sth.을 기재해 넣다, 작성하다.

2.leave sth out -- ~~을 빠뜨리다

3.run out of--~~이 다 떨어지다

4.cut down on sth --~을 줄이다, 삭감하다

5.sign up for --~~에 등록하다.

6.infringe on(upon)--(권리 등을)을 침해하다

7.set up --~~을 설립, 설치하다.

8.show up--나타나다

9.as of today--오늘 현재, the population as of Sept.1 9월 1일 현재의 인구

as from today 오늘부터,

10.do without --~~없이 지내다.

11.be concerned about = be worried about--~~에 대해 걱정하다

12.operate within the guidelines (안내지침)--~~ 내에서 (운영하다.)

13.beyond control (= out of control)--통제 불능의

14.upon request--요청에 따라

15.Monday through Friday-- 월요일부터 금요일까지

16.throughout the world-- 전 세계적으로

17.the trend toward--~~방향으로의 추세

18.under warranty-- 품질 보증기간 내의

(4) 자동사와 타동사 구별 문제.

☞ 한마디.  매우 중요한 내용. = 영어 동사의 90%가 넘는 대부분의 동사는 자동사와 타동사를 외관상 구분할 수 없이 쓰이는 동사들입니다. (우리말은 거의 대부분 구분이 됩니다. 예를 들어, increase = 증가하다/ 증가시키다.)

 따라서 영어 동사는 문장 속에서 뒤에 목적어가 있는가 없는가를 확인한 후 자/타동사를 구분합니다. 다음의 동사들은 이러한 자동사/ 타동사를 동시에 쓰지 않거나, 의미가 달라지는 동사들입니다.

1. 토익에 나오는 타동사

 access.  exceed.  disclose.  regret.  resemble.  mention

 appreciate.  approach.  inspect.  raise.  attend.  reach. discuss.  marry

위의 동사는 대표적인 타동사로서 access to, exceed at, disclose about, approach to, attend at, marry with 와 같이 토익 시험에 나온다면 무조건 답이 됩니다.

2. 토익에 나오는 자동사

  look.  happen.  arrive.  disappear.  wait.  rise.  function.  stay.  deteriorate

3. 마지막으로 혼동하기 쉬운 동사!

rise - rose - risen : 오르다

raise - raised - raised : ~을 올리다

lie - lay - lain : 놓여 있다. 눕다

lie - lied - lied : 거짓말하다

lay - laid - laid : ~을 놓다, 두다

sit - sat - sat : 앉다  seat - seated -seated : 앉히다

hang - hanged - hanged : 교수형에 처하다

hang- hung -hung : 걸다

(5) 숙어 동사, 동사 수식 부사 유형별 정리 (총 50문제, 복합명사 14개.)

1. bring it about: make it happen(발생하게 하다, 야기 시키다)

  We are trying to bring about a solution.

2. put it away: store it(저장하다, 치우다)

  Please put the picture away.

3. call me back: telephone me again(다시 전화하다)

  Call me back at eight.

4. cut it down: make it smaller(줄이다, 작게 만들다)

  The report is too long; cut it down.

5. put her down: criticize her(비판하다)

  He always puts her down.

6. tear it down: destroy it(파괴하다)

  They tore the building down

7. turn him down: refuse his request(그의 요청을 거절하다)

  He wanted to marry her; she turned him down.

8. fill it in: complete it(완성하다, 기재, 작성하다)

  You have to fill in this form.

9. hand it in: give it to the leader(제출하다)

  Students, hand in your papers!

10. bring it on: cause it(야기하다)

   The weather brought on my cold.

11. have it on: be wearing it(입다)

   She has on a new sweater.

12. put me on: tell me a lie(나에게 거짓말하다)

    he says he is a lawyer; I think he󰡑s putting me on.

13. try it on: put it on to test it(시험삼아 입어/신어보다)

   Did you try it on at the store?

14. call it off: cancel it(취소하다)

   We called off the wedding.

15. drop it off: leave it(내려두다, 남기다)

   Drop the package off tonight.

16. put if off: postpone it(연기하다)

   They put the picnic off until Friday.

17. put him off: repel him(혐오감을 주다)

   That perfume really put him off.

18. take it off: remove it(제거하다)

   Can you take the pan off the stove?

19. tear it off: remove it quickly(빨리 제거하다)

   He tore off his shirt and made a bandage.

20. ask you out: invite you(초대하다, 데이트 신청하다)

   He wants to ask you out.

21. cross it out: delete it(제거하다)

   Please cross out the mistake!

22. figure it out: solve it(해결하다)

   I can󰡑t figure out the riddle.

23. get it out: remove it(제거하다)

   Can you get this splinter[파편, 조각] out?

24. pass it out: distribute it(나눠주다)

   Can you pass this information out?

25. put it out: extinguish it(끄다)  

 He was able to put out the fire.

26. Put us out: make us leave(떠나게 하다)/annoy us(화나게 하다)

   She put us out at night./That really put us out.

27. make up one's mind  결심하다

   I've made up my ～ to buy that car. 저 차를 사기로 결심했다.

28. be held up in traffic 길이 꽉 막히다

29. be out of town (출장, 여행 등으로) 자리를 비우다. 멀리 있다.

30. draw up a schedule  계획을 짜다.  시간표를 작성하다

31. give a reason 이유를 말하다

32. be in a hurry 서두르다, 급하다

부사에 관한 기출문제

1. Drugs like crack are (readily) available.   -> 쉽게 구입 가능한

2. The islands, which are northwest of Australia, are (collectively) known as Malaysia

  -> 집단적으로

3. Classes at the college have become (increasingly) full over the past.

  ->갈수록 사람들이 많아지고 있다.

4. You are cordially invited to our cocktail party.   ->진심으로 초대되다.

5. This store is (temporally) closed for renovation.   ->잠시 문을 닫는다.

6. Advancement within the firm is (largely) determined by staff member's performance        eval‎uations.

->대체로.

8.  work cooperatively,

9.  do the work so efficiently,

10  unconditionally guaranteed,

11  easily found,

12  answered the question promptly,

13  eventually need to be modernized,

14  extremely successful,

15  will slightly increase,

16  is strongly recommended,

17  each lens is made separately,

18  is continually dumping unclear wastes,

19  to be adequately prepared for,

20  worked so diligently

21  severely reprimanded(호되게 꾸짖다.)

22  should be reported promptly to the issuing office.

23  are adequately wrapping the package, promptly at 6:00

24  throughout the world (around the world)

복합 명사.

1  customs regulations (세관 규정)

2  dress-code regulation (복장 규정)

3  consumer loan (소비자를 위한 융자, 대부) consuming으로 해서는 안됨.

4  service desk  (서비스 창구)

5  consumer satisfaction (고객 만족)

6  advertising/marketing/sales strategy (광고/마케팅/판매 전략)

7  employee participation 직원 참여

8  hotel reservation  호텔 예약

9  product recognition (제품인지도)

10  product availability (제품 이용)

11  profit margin (이윤 마진)

12  attendance record (출석률) (이때 attendant로 해서는 안 된다)

13  heating equipment ( 난방 장치) :시험에는 heatings equipment로 -s를 빼는 문제

14  expiration date (만기일)(미국식 영어) syn. expiry date(영국식 영어)

15.  promissory note  약속 어음

16.  face value  액면가. cf sticker price. 소비자가

17.  listed stock  상장된 주식.

18.  vested interest 기득권(이권)

19.  economy size vehicle 소형차

# Something is running short.( 유사문제; fall ill, go broke, go bust, go bankrupt, go insolvent, run dry)

# have a profound influence on the company's planning.

# Changes have been made to the proposal.

# discuss, disclose, exceed, regret, resemble, mention, ---> 삼형식 동사임.

# high percentage/ 30 percent 구분해 두시오.

# symbols of --> a symbol of

# the higher/ the highest cost ---> the high로 ( 비교대상이나, 범위가 지정되어 있지않을때)

# office/ official 의 차이.

# low the prices ---> lower

# give in to the union's demands

# reveal the strong preference, reveal the plan

# ---of the two, Mr. Kim is the better qualified applicant.

# faced with...

# which 명사 ....---> whichever 명사

  who ... ---> whoever

  those....who....

# passive and active

# singular and plural

# during day --> during the day

# arrang 명사 to 부정사 ---> arrange for 명사 to 부정사

# There is enough of available office space --> enough of 를 생략하거나, a lot of 정도로 바꿈.

# existed eqipment --> existing

# an update manual, copyright music, moonlighting night--> 모두 과거분사로 고친다.

# damage or injury that result from... ----> results로

# Lendings, such as banks .... --> lenders로

# in the recommendation of --> on로

# remind tourists to notify paintings on the ceiling ---> notice로(notify다음엔 사람이 와야죠)

# that is clear that.... --> it is clear that

# claim that the housekeeper never comes ... --> came로

# As analysts predicted how 주어 동사 --> how 생략.

# ..Service will arrange to waste disposal ---> to 제거.

  (유사; provide with something... --> wih 제거

# return somthing(O)/ return to somewhere(O)

# contributor/ contribution

  contribute suggestions about ways to improve...(O)

  contribute donations to somewhere (O)

# a complexity process --> complex로

  sports complexity --> complex로

# approve for the pruchase --> approve로

# however 가 문두에 나오면 뒤에 반드시 형용사나 부사가 있어야한다. (no matter how 로 번역)

  however 가 문장과 문장사이에 있으면 접속부사이다 (그러나로 해석)

# a new accounting --> account로

# even the so powerful computer --> the most로

# are related each other ---> to each other로

# in contrast to companies ..., they that pursued.... have found success. ---> those that로

# planning to test market it against 15 other cities ---> in 15...로

# fully reclining seating --> seats

# Nevertheless a number of meetings --> despite

# revolution design ---> revolutionary

# the retired lucheon --> retirement

# changing in ---> changes in로

# be capable of / be able to/ chances to / chances of / opportunity to

# gender discimination

# go through a difficult time

# a unanimous dicision --> an         / a LD  --> an     / an unit --> a unit / a umbrella--> an

# serve as the foundation/ serve as a contributor

# customs declaration

# urgent request for

# ptential/prospective/probable client

# to be developed concurrently

# As part of the project

# come in first ( the first -->X)

# the former grandeur ( formal -->X)

# to customize for users (주문제작하다)

# obtain certification

# in accordance with ( to -->X)  , in charge of( a charge -->X), in error( an error -->X)

  take advantage of ( an... ...s ..the..-->X) , take care of ( caring -->X)

# the third edition of...

# one of equipment ( any of 로)

# unused parts

# gain wage (X)--> earn wage

# belongings, valuables, earnings, means, statistics, damages, funds, authorities, species, resources,

  transactions,  a refund --> 잘 정리해두시오.

# relevant to/ consistent with/ conscious of/ commensurate with

# be paid for./ be dealt with.

# The company expanded the capacity of...

  reach the capacity of..

# The first phase of development

# in this weekend --> this weekend

# Ms. Dubois was delighted when her colleague unexpectedly appears at ---> appeared at

# ...from several of its competitor --> competitors

# ..advanced computer systems to be handling their new... ----> to handle

# .. they are difficult for the public to form an opinion. ---> it is

# Exept the weather is bad, taxis are easy to find in the district. ---> except when

#  .. dive a free influenza vaccination to who requests one.  ---> whomever

# .. makes the stronger wire casing of all these... ---> the strongest

# For a definite date has not been set, it is assumed that.. ---> As

#..should be ready to .... when asked to do so of a security guard. (---> from)

# ..to check of public buildings for conditions that might cause... (--> check)

# Professionals on the academic community are encouraged to ...( --> of)

# ... the division has had fewer trouble with copy quality. (---> less)

# Learning to play the piano is a complexity process ... (---> complex)

# The consulting firm of .. provides with expert advice about...( ---> with 삭제)

# ... a good exercise for people who have problems to their knees. (---> on또는 with)

# The introduction of ... into region has increased... ( ---> the region) (유사; at the company, on the market)

# private investment account ---> accounts(유사;lower price--> a lower price,  annual parade ----> annual parades)

# 사람주어 become used to handle stress. (---> handling)  사물주어 become used to handle stress(O)

# by the end in this month. (---> of this month)# Every measure possibly will be taken (---> possible)

# To request extra credit card ( ---> cards)  (유사; exceptionally well-organized group (---> an exceptionally)

# than most of the other countries (---> than those of ...)

# He's not most of a swimmer. (---> not much of a swimmer); 그다지 수영의 소질이 많지는 않다.

 (유사; something of a discrepancy; 약간 의 불일치)

# The police has cought ( --> are)# Last afternoon at three o'clock ( --> yesterday afternoon)

# requested more two documents (---> two more, 또는 more than two)

# a chance becoming (--> a chance of becoming)# numerous attempts have been made.

# reach a settlement/an accord/ a solution/ a resolution/ an agreement# get regular exercise.

# The course eval‎uation. ( performance appraisal )# in this area of the city.

# The speakers collate their thoughts. (대조해보다)

# handles only the finest furniture in the country.( 유사; the very 최상급/ far and away 최상급)

# is most likely to succeed ( is likely to/ is more likely to)# follow the signs to the exits.

# The printed agenda for the shareholders meeting

# Guests who fail to pick up their season tickets by August 20 will forfeit their stadium.

# showed serious inconsistencies that call for clarification of the reform.

# the architecture of   (참고; architect/ sculptor/ physician/ physicist/ chemist/ critic/ pharmacist)

# The total number of ... ( small/ large/ great/ 등이 가능)

# gauge the reaction of ...( 측정하다 )( 숙어; cut down on/ drape...with.../ lag behind/ compensate for/ )

# a cost-effective way # extend our thanks to... ( extend your hospitality, extend your hand, extend my kindness )

# No sooner had ....   than   .... # in a charge of (X)       in charge for (X)  ---> in charge of(O)

# chemist producing company ( ---> chemicals producing company)# consultant(사람)/ consultation(상담) 

# raise in ...---> rise in# in number of circumstances ---> in a number of # All of cars ----> All of the cars.

# existed equipment --> existing equipment

# as result of / as consequence of  ---> as a result of / as a consequence of# since decades ---> for decades

# to purchase a parking permission(X) ---> permit  (유사; permission about ---> permission from

   baggage permission(X) ---> baggage allowance)

# For further help install ---> to install (여기서는 help가 동사가아니라 명사이므로 to 부정사가있어야함.)

# near end of March ---> near the end of# segmentation ---> segment

# for them subscribing customers ---> for those# a defect copier ---> a defective copier

# exercised facilities ---> exercising# when you calling ---> when you are calling 또는 when calling

# an equality portion of ---> equal# in effort to ---> in an effort to

# Contrary to the expectancy of many ---> expectation

# Although several machines having been damaged during the storm ---> by the storm.

# all areas in the warehouse that needs attention ---> need# three weeks until now ---> from now

# proper identification must be in plain viewing. ---> view.

# have to carefully keep track what products they have in .... ---> keep track of what

# 물건 찾을때 쓰는동사는 trace 와 track중에서 track을 쓰라.

# will be devoted to courses in the economics ---> 학문명앞엔 무관사.

# Sondex Corporations have ever manufactured personal computers. ---> 대문자는 고유명사이므로 has로.

# as a way of encouraging consumer for conserving energy. ---> to conserve

# Poor performance of newly purchasing computer equipment is ... ---> purchased

# whether applicable ---> if applicable# advocate by ---> advocate of

# to orientation employees to revised regulations .. ---> to orient

# make no provision for extra attendees# work from home (재택근무하다)

# There is something of a discrepancy# engraved (새겨져있는, = inscribed)

# in a timely manner (유사; orderly, costly, friendly, looks likely, lonely, quarterly)

# until further notice# a considerable gap between the wages of genders# be dissatisfied with

# delivered his sales presentation rather hesitantly.# raise questions about ...

# vary from one investor to another

# shopping centers are enclosed( 날씨나 우천에 관한 내용이 나오면서 “실내에 있는의 의미일때)

 ( encircled 가 답일땐 한장소에서 시장볼수있도록 shopping center가 한곳에 모여있다의 뜻으로 나옴)

# less costly than(유사; this product is more popular overseas than it is locally.

# around the world/ throughout the world# increase dramatically

# available upon request (유사; request for ..../ demand for/ on demand)    ( something is in high demand )

# Tickets should be presented to the user# are served with your chioce of # letter of reference

# be temporarily suspended (유사; grounded, stopped)

# He has to report directly to the chairman

# below normal/ below zero/ above sea level/ under the seats

# all previous agreements

# graduates looking for full-time work( 졸업생; graduates 졸업하다; graduate from...

재학생; undergraduates  대학원생; graduate students   대학원; graduate school)

# do not have any of the equipment you requested# help you decide exactly

# certain conditions must be met.# made of materials native to the area

# the gardens need to be waterd./ need watering.(유사; is worth -ing/ want -ing)

# something is varied. 다양한# normally 평상시에는

# international commerce# because of the federal mandate; 명령, 지시

# displays the owner's impeccable taste ; 오점하나없는, 완벽한# have not knowingly made any false statement.

# an independent optometric practice# generate much enthusiasm/ generate funds

# inspectors scrutinized our parts carefully# a selection of recipes for

# describe difficulties encounered# make something payable to the hotel/ be made payable to the hotel

# successive career ---> successful # exclusively for .--->오로지, 배타적으로 (유사; exclusive car, hotel --> 고급의), successive는 연속적인= consecutive..