- 미국 청어 Shad, American
. 학명; Alosa sapidissima
. 서식지; 15도내외의 수온인 연안과 강의 수면에 수천마리가 떼로 서식
. 통명; 미국 청어
. 특징; 깊고 압축된 은빛 몸과 녹색에서 진청색의 등
. 먹이와 요리법; 알은 진미로 인정되며 회로, 절이거나 훈제, 스튜로 섭취
1 학명과 서식지
- 학명; Alosa sapidissima
- 서식지
. 온도와 깊이; 15도내외의 수온인 연안과 강의 수면에 수천마리가 떼로 서식
. 지역; 북서대서양, 뉴펀들랜드에서 플로리다까지 분포
북태평양 연안에도 도입, 캄차카반도와 캘리포니아
The endemic range of this species is east of the Appalachians along the Atlantic coast of North America from Sand Hill River, Labrador, to the St. Johns River, Florida. American shad were introduced into the Sacramento River in California and now occur up and down the Pacific coast from Bahia de Todos Santos in upper Baja California, Mexico, to Cook Inlet, Alaska.
Habitat. American shad spend most of their lives in the ocean, ascending coastal rivers to spawn. They are found in freshwater only during their spawning runs and engage in extensive and complex migrations throughout their range.
2 통명
- 영어; poor man’s salmon, common shad, Atlantic shad, Connecticut River shad, North River shad, Potomac shad, Susquehanna shad, white shad, Delaware shad, alose;
French: alose savoureuse.
- 한글; 미국 청어, 청어목 민청어과
3 개요
- 길이; 70센티이내,
- 무게; 8파운드이내, 평균 4파운드
The normal size of American shad is 2 to 5 pounds. They reach a maximum of 30 inches. The all-tackle world record is an 11-pound, 4-ounce Massachusetts fish. Although American shad can live to age 13, few live past age 7. Females grow more quickly and are generally largest.
4 특징
- 깊고 압축된 은빛 몸과 녹색에서 진청색의 등
- 이빨은 약하거나 없슴
- 산란여행중에는 색이 어두워짐
- 아가미뒤의 큰 점과 꼬리쪽으로 점점 작아지는 점
- 깊게 갈라진 꼬리지느러미
The American shad is an anadromous member of the Clupeidae family of herring and shad and is highly regarded as a gamefish in coastal rivers.
Identification. The laterally compressed, fairly deep body of the American shad is silvery white, with some green to dark blue along the back, frequently with a metallic shine. The coloring darkens slightly when the fish enters freshwater to spawn. There is a large black spot directly behind the top of the gill cover, followed by several spots that become smaller and less distinct toward the tail; sometimes there are up to three rows of these dark spots, one under the other. The American shad has large, easily shed scales, as well as modified scales called scutes, which form a distinct ridge or cutting edge along the belly. The tail is deeply forked, and the fish has weak teeth or no teeth at all.
5 먹이와 요리법
- 먹이; 플랑크톤을 주로 먹으며 작은 새우와 어란, 작은 물고기도 추가
- 겨울에 심해로 이동하고 봄에 산란을 위해 수온 10도이상의 강으로 이동
- 강의 상류에서 모래나 자갈이 깔린 얕은 곳에 저녁에 3-16만개를 산란
- 대부분 금식하여 일반 미끼대신 특수 다트미끼만 유용
- 남부서식은 산란후 대부분 사망하나 북부에서는 바다복귀
- 알은 11도에서 14일, 17도에서 7일후 부화하고 가을에 8센티로 성장하여 바다회귀
- 오메가3가 많고 독소가 적으며 맛이 좋아 인기
- 알은 진미로 인정되며 회로, 절이거나 훈제, 스튜로 섭취
Most fish spawn for the first time when they weigh 3 to 5 pounds. Males reach sexual maturity at age 3 to 4, females at age 4 to 5. Peak spawning migrations occur when the water temperature is in the 50s. These migrations usually take place in April in southern rivers and through July in northern regions. Post-spawning adults attempt to return to the sea after spawning; many die immediately after spawning, whereas others have been known to live long enough to spawn as many as seven times.
Food and feeding habits. In the ocean, American shad primarily feed on plankton. They cease feeding during upstream spawning migration.