AI poses greater risks to highly educated, high earners 인공지능(AI) 고학력자, 더큰부담

[김우정]

의사, 회계사, 변호사 등 전문직이 AI로 대체될 가능성이 높다고 발표했습니다. 
한국은행의 발표에 의하면 대면서비스 직종보다 전문직이 AI로 대체될 가능성이 큽니다.
남성중심의 저소득층 단순노동직에 가장 큰 피해를 줄것이라는 기존연구와 다른 것입니다.  
예술, 스포츠, 레저, 종교 산업의 대면 서비스 종사자들은 AI로 대체될 위험도가 훨씬 낮았습니다.
과연 AI는 어떤 직업부터 인간을 대체할까요?
 
AI poses greater risks to highly educated, high earners: BOK
한국은행: 인공지능(AI), 고학력소득자에게 더 큰 위험부담

By Lee Kyung-min
Posted : 2023-11-16 15:58 Updated : 2023-11-17 14:52
Korea Times

gettyimagesbank

The jobs of doctors, accountants, asset managers and lawyers are more likely to be replaced by artificial intelligence (AI), compared to workers in the face-to-face service industries, a central bank report said Thursday.
의사, 회계사, 자산 관리자 및 변호사의 직업이 대면 서비스 산업의 종사자에 비해 인공지능(AI)으로 대체될 가능성이 높다고 중앙은행이 목요일 발표했다.

The alarming assessment challenges the previous belief that smart AI industrial robots and related software technologies would hurt mostly less-educated, low-income earners performing repetitive menial work.
이 놀라운 평가는 스마트 AI 산업용 로봇과 관련 소프트웨어 기술이 반복적인 남성노동을 수행하는 대부분의 저학력 저소득층에게 피해를 줄 것이라는 이전의 믿음에 도정하는 것이다.

The highly educated and high-paid groups of professionals engage in non-routine cognitive analytic work, an area that can be rapidly overtaken by data analysis-powered AI in the next 20 years. Occupations that require human interactions, network building and empathy-oriented tasks are not threatened as much, the report added. About 3.41 million, or 12 percent of all jobs, are likely to be replaced.
고학력 및 고임금을 받는 전문가 집단은 비일상적인 인지 분석작업에 참여하는데, 이 분야는 향후 20년 내에 데이터 분석 기반의 인공지능에 의해 빠르게 추월될 수 있는 분야이다. 인간 상호작용, 네트워크 구축 및 공감 지향적인 작업이 필요한 직업은 그만큼 위협받지 않는다고 보고서는 덧붙였다. 약 341만 개, 즉 전체 직업의 12%가 대체될 가능성이 있다.

According to the report titled “AI and Labor Market Changes,” jobs that are at the highest risk of being replaced by AI include environment engineering technicians, sound equipment engineers, video recording and editing engineers, power generation and distribution equipment operators, locomotive and electric train drivers, water treatment plant operators, recycling machine and incinerator operators and ticket examiners.
'AI와 노동시장의 변화' 보고서에 따르면 AI로 대체될 위험이 가장 높은 직업은 환경공학 기술자, 음향기기 기술자, 영상녹화/집 기술자, 발전/전 장비 운영자, 기관차/전기열차 운전자, 수처리장 운영자, 재활용 기계/소각로 운영자, 매표심사원 등이다.

Face-to-face service workers in the arts, sports and leisure and religious industries were at much lower risk, since their interpersonal exchanges and emotional, empathy-driven relationship building cannot be performed by AI. Among them are journalists, singers, dance instructors, fortune tellers, clergy, social and welfare workers, nongovernmental organization workers, funeral services workers and bodyguards.
예술, 스포츠, 레저, 종교 산업의 대면 서비스 종사자들은 대인 교류와 정서적, 공감에 기반한 관계 구축이 AI로 이루어질 수 없어 위험도가 훨씬 낮았다. 이들 중에는 언론인, 가수, 무용 강사, 점쟁이, 성직자, 사회복지사, 민간단체 종사자, 장례서비스 종사자, 경호원 등이 포함돼 있다.

Men are more likely to be replaced by AI than women, since women far outnumber men in the face-to-face service industries, the report added.
대면 서비스 산업에서는 여성이 남성보다 훨씬 많기 때문에 남성이 여성보다 AI로 대체될 가능성이 높다고 보고서는 덧붙였다.

Demand for high-achieving workers in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics sectors will remain strong, the central bank said, since the underpinnings of stable long-term growth will determine the competitiveness of the national economy.
안정적인 장기 성장의 기반이 국가경제의 경쟁력을 결정할 것이기 때문에 과학, 기술, 공학 및 수학 분야에서 고성취 근로자에 대한 수요는 여전히 강할 것이라고 중앙은행은 말했다.

However, job training is likely to be revised to better reward interactions exclusive to human needs including social skills, teamwork building and communication skills.
그러나 직무교육은 사회적 기술, 팀워크 구축 및 의사소통 기술을 포함한 인간의 필요에 배타적인 상호작용을 더 잘 보상하는 방향으로 개정될 가능성이 높다.

“AI technology enables a convenient lifestyle and work process, but it can also have consequences such as dwindling consumer welfare and deepening of profit monopolies,” report author Oh Sam-il said. “We need to create an environment whereby AI’s advancement is monitored under proper regulations. At the end of the day, AI's benefits to society will be determined by the adaptability of workers and policy design.”
오삼일 보고서 작성자는 "AI 기술은 편리한 생활 방식과 업무 과정을 가능하게 하지만, 소비자 후생 감소와 이익 독점 심화와 같은 결과도 가져올 수 있다,"고 말했다. "우리는 적절한 규제 아래에서 AI의 발전을 모니터링할 수 있는 환경을 만들어야 한다. 결국, AI의 사회에 대한 이익은 노동자의 적응력과 정책설계에 의해 결정될 것이다."

#ArtificialIntelligence인공지능 #LaborMarketChanges노동시장변화 #Highlyeducated,highearners고학력소득자 #Face-to-faceserviceindustries대면서비스산업 #Possibilityofjobreplacement노동자대체가능성 #Dataanalysis데이터분석 # Humaninteractions인간상호작용 #Occupationalrisk직업위험도 #Science,technology,engineering,andmathematicssectors #Regulation규제