[스터디후기] Aug. 22nd

[TOM aka MOOK]

ATTENDANCE : Annie, Daniel, Hogan, Kate, Humiliator “KOOKOO”, Sunny & Tom(30min. late as usual)

1. Business Loans

tip: a helpful piece of advice <ex> It shows how to prepare a CV, and gives tips on applying for jobs.

regular: [INFORMAL] someone who often goes to the same bar, restaurant etc or who takes part in an activity very often <ex> The barman knows all the regulars by name.

patron: [FORMAL] someone who uses a particular shop, restaurant, or hotel <ex> Patrons are asked to refrain from smoking.

※ A patron of a particular restaurant, bar etc is someone who eats or drinks there. This is a fairly formal word and it is more usual to use customer.

solid: someone or something that is solid can be depended on or trusted <ex> The prosecution in this case has no solid evidence.

solvent: [BUSINESS] having enough money to pay your debts (≠ insolvent) <ex> I don’t know how we managed to remain solvent.

collateral: [FORMAL] property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you (= security) <ex> We put up our home as collateral in order to raise the money to invest in the scheme.

※ In lending agreements, collateral is a borrower’s pledge of specific property to a lender, to secure repayment of a loan. The collateral serves as protection for a lender against a borrower's risk of default - that is, any borrower failing to pay the principal and interest under the terms of a loan obligation. If a borrower does default on a loan (due to insolvency or other event), that borrower forfeits the property pledged as collateral - and the lender then becomes the owner of the collateral. In a typical mortgage loan transaction, for instance, the real estate being acquired with the help of the loan serves as collateral. Should the buyer fail to pay the loan under the mortgage loan agreement, the ownership of the real estate is transferred to the bank. The bank uses a legal process called foreclosure to obtain real estate from a borrower who defaults on a mortgage loan obligation.

hostage: someone who is kept as a prisoner by an enemy so that the other side will do what the enemy demands <ex> The group are holding two tourists hostage.

come up with: to think of an idea, answer etc <ex> Is that the best excuse you can come up with?

devise: to plan or invent a new way of doing something <ex> She devised a method for quicker communication between offices.

set out: to start doing something or making plans to do something in order to achieve a particular result <ex> They set out with the aim of becoming the number one team in the league.

work out: ① to think carefully about how you are going to do something and plan a good way of doing it <ex> UN negotiators have worked out a set of compromise proposals. ② to make your body fit and strong by doing exercises <ex> He works out with weights twice a week.

stake: if you have a stake in a business, you have invested money in it <ex> He holds a 51% stake in the firm.

at stake: if something that you value very much is at stake, you will lose it if a plan or action is not successful <ex> They have to win the contract – thousands of jobs are at stake.

and so on/forth: used at the end of a list to show that you could continue it in a similar way <ex> You can do things for your health in the way of diet, exercise, good lifestyle, not smoking and so on.

etc., et cetera: used in writing after a list to show that there are many other similar things or people that you could have added <ex> She knew all about my schoolwork, my hospital work etc.

coincidence: when two things happen at the same time, in the same place, or to the same people in a way that seems surprising or unusual <ex> ‘I’m going to Appleby tomorrow.’ ‘What a coincidence! I’m going up there too.’

scam: [INFORMAL] a clever but dishonest way to get money (≒ swindle, con game, deception) <ex> He got involved in a credit card scam.

what for?: used to ask why someone does something <ex> ‘She’s decided to work part-time.’ ‘What for?’

convincing: making you believe that something is true or right (≠ unconvincing) <ex> Courtenay played the role in an utterly convincing way.

plausible: reasonable and likely to be true or successful (≠ implausible) <ex> His story certainly sounds plausible.

credible: deserving or able to be believed or trusted (≒ plausible) <ex> He was unable to give a credible explanation for his behaviour.

painting: a painted picture that you put on a wall for people to see <ex> There was a large painting of his father on the wall.

picture: ① shapes, lines etc painted or drawn on a surface, showing what someone or something looks like <ex> The room had several pictures on the walls. ② a photograph <ex> That’s a great picture of you, Dad!

masterpiece: a work of art, a piece of writing or music etc that is of very high quality or that is the best that a particular artist, writer etc has produced (= masterwork) <ex> Mary Shelley was just 18 when she wrote the horror masterpiece ‘Frankenstein’.

2. Rem Koolhaas

at school: ① in the school building <ex> I can get some work done while the kids are at school ② [UK] attending a school, rather than being at college or university or having a job <ex> We’ve got two children at school, and one at university.

in school: ① in the school building <ex> Sandra’s not in school today. ② [US] attending a school or university rather than having a job <ex> Are your boys still in school?

renowned: known and admired by a lot of people, especially for a special skill, achievement, or quality (= famous) <ex> He’s renowned as a brilliant speaker.

world-famous: known about by people all over the world <ex> He is a world-famous chemist.

has-been: [INFORMAL] [DISAPPROVAL] someone who was important or popular but who has now been forgotten <ex> The so-called experts and various has-beens foisted opinions on us.

wannabe: [INFORMAL] [DISAPPROVAL] someone who tries to look or behave like someone famous or like a particular type of successful person, because they want to be like them <ex> A load of Michael Schumacher wannabes trying to show what they can do on the track.

celebrate: [FORMAL] to praise someone or something <ex> The victory was celebrated in many poems.

chanceⓝ: the way some things happen without being planned or caused by people <ex> I bumped into her quite by chance in Oxford Street.

chanceⓐ: not planned or expected (= accidental) <ex> A chance meeting with a journalist changed everything.

※ barcode flag: In 2002, Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and his architecture firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) designed a new flag in response to Commission President Romano Prodi's request to find ways of rebranding the Union in a way that represents Europe’s “diversity and unity”. The proposed new design was dubbed the “barcode” as it displays the colours of every European flag (of the then 15 members) as vertical stripes. As well as the barcode comparison, it had been compared unfavourably to wallpaper, a TV test card and deckchair fabric. Unlike the current flag it would change to reflect the member states. It was never officially adopted by the EU or any organisation, however, it was used as the logo of the Austrian EU Presidency in 2006. It had been updated with the colours of the 10 members who had joined since the proposal and was designed by Koolhaas's firm. Its described aim is “to portray Europe as the common effort of different nations, with each retaining its own unique cultural identity”.

< Koolhaas’ Flag Proposal >	< Flag of Europe >

state: a country considered as a political organization <ex> Some weeks ago I recommended to EU member states that we should have discussions with the Americans.

< Prada, Beverly Hills >	< Seattle Central Library >

contradiction: a difference between two statements, beliefs, or ideas about something that means they cannot both be true <ex> The performance seemed to me unpardonable, a contradiction of all that the Olympics is supposed to be.

inconsistency: a situation in which two statements are different and cannot both be true (= contradiction) <ex> There were several glaring inconsistencies in his report.

incongruity: [FORMAL] the fact that something is strange, unusual, or unsuitable in a particular situation <ex> The incongruity of her situation struck Gina with unpleasant force.

3. Bribery of teachers

bribery: the act of giving bribes <ex> We tried everything – persuasion, bribery, threats.

bribe: money or a gift that you illegally give someone to persuade them to do something for you <ex> The officials said that they had been offered bribes before an important game.

hush/silence money: [INFORMAL] money that is paid to someone not to tell other people about something embarrassing <ex> Chinese state media say local officials initially tried to compensate the accident for offering hush money to the miners’ families.

grease payment/money: [mainly US] [BUSINESS/LAW] a bribe or extorted money, usually relatively small in amount, provided to a low-level government official or business person, in order to expedite a business decision, shipment, or other transaction, especially in a country where such payments are not unusual. (≒ baksheesh, lubrication payment) <ex> An important legal distinction is the difference between bribery and “grease payments,” which are paid in these countries not to affect someone’s decision-making but to speed the process of dealing with government.

kickback: [INFORMAL] money that someone pays secretly and dishonestly in return for someone’s help (= bribe) <ex> They received millions of dollars in kickbacks.

crispy: [APPROVAL] food that is crispy is pleasantly hard on the outside (= crisp) <ex> I bought some crispy cookies for her.

crisp: ① food that is crisp is pleasantly hard or firm when you bite it (= crispy, ≠ soggy) <ex> Cook the pastry until it is crisp and golden. ② paper or cloth that is crisp is fresh, clean, and new (= fresh) <ex> I slipped between the crisp clean sheets. ③ [APPROVAL] weather that is crisp is cold and dry (≠ humid) <ex> The air was fresh and crisp.

get down: ① to make someone feel unhappy and tired <ex> His lack of social life was beginning to get him down. ② to write something, especially something that someone is saying <ex> He was followed by a group of reporters trying to get down every word he said. ③ to dance with abandon <ex> Get down tonight, do a little dance!

get down to: to start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy <ex> It’s time we got down to work.

say/think/decide etc otherwise: to say, think, or decide something different (≒ differently) <ex> The government claims that the economy is improving, but this survey suggests otherwise.

investigate: to try to find out the truth about or the cause of something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem <ex> The state police are investigating the incident.

look over: to examine something quickly, without paying much attention to detail <ex> Do you have a few minutes to look these samples over?

supervise: to be in charge of an activity or person, and make sure that things are done in the correct way <ex> Griffiths closely supervised the research.

inspect: to examine something carefully in order to find out more about it or to find out what is wrong with it <ex> I got out of the car to inspect the damage.

look into: to try to find out the truth about a problem, crime etc in order to solve it (= investigate) <ex> Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.

turn out: to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect <ex> That guy turned out to be Maria’s second cousin.

prove: if someone or something proves difficult, helpful, a problem etc, they are difficult, helpful, a problem etc <ex> The design proved to be a success.

discover: to find out something that you did not know about before (≒ find out, learn) <ex> She discovered that she was pregnant.

will/would stop at nothing (to do sth): [EMPHASIS] to be ready to do anything to achieve something that you want to achieve <ex> We will stop at nothing to save our child.

spy: someone whose job it is to find out secret information about another country, organization, or group (= secret agent) <ex> He was jailed for five years as an alleged British spy.

mole: ① a small dark furry animal which is almost blind and usually lives under the ground <ex> A mole has bored its way under the flower bed. ② a small dark brown mark on the skin that is slightly higher than the skin around it (≒ naevus, beauty mark) <ex> A mole has formed on the cheek. ③ someone who works for organization while secretly giving information to its enemies <ex> He had been recruited by the Russians as a mole and trained in Moscow.

rat: [SPOKEN] someone who has been disloyal to you or deceived you (≒ stool pigeon) <ex> But you promised to help us, you rat!

※ Deep Throat is the pseudonym given to the secret informant who provided information to Bob Woodward of the The Washington Post about the involvement of United States President Richard Nixon's administration in what came to be known as the Watergate scandal. Deep Throat was first introduced to public in the 1974 book All the President's Men, written by Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, which was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film two years later. For more than 30 years, the identity of Deep Throat was one of the biggest mysteries of American politics and journalism and the source of much public curiosity and speculation.

opposing: opposing teams, groups, or forces are competing, arguing, or fighting against each other <ex> The opposing armies were preparing for war.

opposite: as different as possible from something else <ex> I thought the medicine would make him sleep, but it had the opposite effect.

foreigner: someone who comes from a different country (≒ alien, outsider, stranger) <ex> Some of the local people are suspicious of foreigners.

expat: [INFORMAL] an expatriate <ex> We want the site to be continually relevant to and reflective of the expat community.

expatriate: someone who lives in a foreign country <ex> The US became the place where millions of expatriates from all European countries were searching for free economic evolvement.

alien: [FORMAL/LEGAL] someone who is not a legal citizen of the country they are living or working in (≒ foreigner) <ex> The president will make a speech about what to do about the estimated 12 million undocumented aliens in the US.

avoid: to deliberately not do something, especially something wrong, dangerous, or harmful <ex> There are ways of legally avoiding taxes.

evade: to not do or deal with something that you should do <ex> You can’t go on evading your responsibilities in this way.

escape: to avoid something bad or that you do not want to happen <ex> He narrowly escaped death in an avalanche.

4. Narcissism And Singletons

narcissism: [FORMAL] [DISAPPROVAL] when someone is too concerned about their appearance or abilities or spends too much time admiring them <ex> He went to the gym every day, driven purely by narcissism.

※ The term narcissism refers to the personality trait of self-love, which includes the set of character traits concerned with self-image or ego. The terms narcissism, narcissistic, and narcissist are often used as pejoratives, denoting vanity, conceit, egotism or simple selfishness. Applied to a social group, it is sometimes used to denote elitism or an indifference to the plight of others. Sigmund Freud was the first person to introduce the term narcissism in 1914. He derived the name from the Greek mythology of Narcissus. Narcissus was a handsome Greek youth who rejected the desperate advances of the nymph Echo. As punishment, he was doomed to fall in love with his own reflection in a pool of water. Unable to consummate his love, Narcissus pined away and changed into a flower that bears his name, the narcissus. Freud believed that some narcissism is an essential part of all of us from birth. Andrew Morrison claims that, in adults, a reasonable amount of healthy narcissism allows the individual's perception of his needs to be balanced in relation to others. While most people possess some degree of narcissistic traits, higher levels of narcissism can be dysfunctional, and may be classified as pathologies such as narcissistic personality disorder and malignant narcissism.

< Narcissus by Caravaggio >	< Narcissus (Plant) >

homage: [FORMAL] something you do to show respect for someone or something you think is important <ex> The film pays homage to Martin Scorsese’s ‘Mean Streets’.

singleton: someone who is neither married nor in a long-term relationship <ex> Bank is a 38-year-old singleton who grew up in Philadelphia.

※ Singleton is a self-description of individuals without romantic partners, particularly applied to women in their thirties introduced in the novel and film Bridget Jones's Diary

hit: [JOURNALISM] to reach a particular level or number <ex> Sales have hit the 1 million mark.

turn: to become a particular age, or to reach a particular time <ex> My son’s just turned 18.

skyrocket: [INFORMAL] if a price or an amount skyrockets, it greatly increases very quickly <ex> The trade deficit has skyrocketed.

plunge: if a price, rate etc plunges, it suddenly decreases by a large amount (= plummet) <ex> The unemployment rate plunged sharply.

plummet, plummet down: to suddenly and quickly decrease in value or amount (= plunge, ≠ ascend, rise, rocket, soar) <ex> Profits plummeted from ₤49 million to ₤11 million.

nosedive: [JOURNALISM] if a price, value, or condition of something nosedives, it suddenly goes down or gets much worse (= plummet) <ex> Sales have nosedived since January.

confession: a statement that you have done something wrong, illegal, or embarrassing, especially a formal statement <ex> Sanchez’s confession was read out to the court.

condemnation: an expression‎ of very strong disapproval of someone or something, especially something you think is morally wrong <ex> There was widespread international condemnation of the bombing.

sacrifice: when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something more important <ex> The minister stressed the need for economic sacrifice.

lay down your life: [FORMAL] [LITERARY] to die in order to help other people <ex> He was even prepared to lay down his life for his friends.

a tad: [SPOKEN] [INFORMAL] slightly <ex> It’s a tad expensive.

self-centred[UK], self-centered[US]: paying so much attention to yourself that you do not notice what is happening to other people (= selfish) <ex> He was self-centred, but he wasn't cruel.

stats: [INFORMAL] statistics <ex> What do the stats tell us?

statistics: a set of numbers which represent facts or measurements (≒ figure) <ex> Statistics show that 50% of new businesses fail in their first year.

dismantle: to take a machine or piece of equipment apart so that it is in separate pieces <ex> Chris dismantled the bike in five minutes.

arsenal: a large group of weapons that someone has <ex> Russia and the other republics are committed to destroying most of their nuclear arsenals.

vicious circle, vicious cycle: a situation in which one problem causes another problem, that then causes the first problem again, so that the whole process continues to be repeated (≠ virtuous circle) <ex> The more pesticides are used, the more resistant the insects become so the more pesticides have to be used. It's a vicious circle.

※ A virtuous circle or a vicious circle (sometimes referred to as “cycle” instead of “circle”) is a complex of events that reinforces itself through a feedback loop. A virtuous circle has favorable results, and a vicious circle has detrimental results. A virtuous circle can transform into a vicious circle if eventual negative feedback is ignored. Both circles are complexes of events with no tendency towards equilibrium (at least in the short run). Both systems of events have feedback loops in which each iteration of the cycle reinforces the first (positive feedback). These cycles will continue in the direction of their momentum until an external factor intervenes and breaks the cycle. The most well known vicious circle is hyperinflation.

< Vicious Circle >	< Virtuous Circle >

delay: to wait until a later time to do something <ex> He delayed his decision on whether to call an election.

put off: to delay doing something or to arrange to do something at a later time or date, especially because there is a problem or you do not want to do it now (= delay, procrastinate) <ex> The match has been put off until tomorrow because of bad weather.

postpone: to change the date or time of a planned event or action to a later one (= put back, ≠ bring forward) <ex> They’ve decided to postpone having a family for a while.

hold up: to delay someone or something (≒ delay) <ex> Sorry I’m late – I was held up at work.

hold over: [FORMAL] to do or deal with something at a later time <ex> The matter was held over for further review.

defer: to delay something until a later date (= put back) <ex> Further discussion on the proposal will be deferred until April.

defer to: [FORMAL] to agree to accept someone’s opinion or decision because you have respect for that person <ex> I will defer to your wishes.

hold on: to continue doing something that is very difficult to do <ex> San Francisco held on to win 4-2.

get on: to continue doing something <ex> Be quiet and get on with your work!

go on: to continue doing something or being in a situation (≒ carry on) <ex> He went on working until he was 91.

[TOM aka MOOK]

今週 土曜日은 後輩 結婚式이 있어 不得不 不參합니다. 惠諒 바랍니다. -Tom 拜上

[Koosy]

쿠쿠는 누구이며...위에 머래는거야.....중국어를 공부한 나로써는..한자는 모른다는 ㅎㅎㅎ

[TOM aka MOOK]

밑에 hogan을 본받아 엉

[hogan]

ㅋㅋ역시 형의 리뷰는 환상입니다.. as usual, 글고.. 후배 결혼식 잘 다녀오세용~~ 보고 싶을 겁니당~~ㅠㅠ

[TOM aka MOOK]

시끄러 ㅎ

[Daniel S]

대단하십니다. review 가 거의 책 수준인데요,. ^^

[TOM aka MOOK]

[참고] 유료화 추진중입니다 ㅎ

[Sunny82]

우와...입이 딱 벌어지네요~~~제가 질문 답변 준비 담당인데 읽다보니 탐 오라버님께서 다 해 주셨네욧??? 감사드려요 ㅋ 저도 좀 더 찾아볼게요^^ 정리하시느라 증말 고생하셨습니다 >.<

[TOM aka MOOK]

캄사 ㅎㅎ