시사용어정리

[토익911 주인장]

두번째

[시사표현정리]
1) 신용카드 이용액 credit-card spending
ex) Koreans, suffering from a debt hangover, cut their credit-card spending nearly 40 percent during the first half.
* debt hangover 부채의 여파
2) 신용카드사 card issuer
ex) Data from nine card issuers showed that Koreans purchased goods and services valued at 155.7 trillion won ($134 billion) with plastic during the first half.
* plastic 신용카드
3) 현금서비스 cash advances
The bulk of the drop came from a card providers' campaign to tighten risk management by lowering the ceilings on cash advances, considered the main culprit behind the massive debt defaults last year.
* culprit 범인, 원인
* debt default 채무 불이행
4) 체납(금) delinquency
ex) In order to prevent new delinquencies and maintain card use levels at the same time, card companies should turn cash advance users to goods purchasers.
5) 조절하다 rein in
ex) Koreans are reining in purchases as their debt loads have soared to unprecedented levels and economic uncertainties are further holding them back.
* debt load 채무부담
6) 신용불량의 in debt beyond one’s means
ex) As of the end of June, 3.7 million, or one in every 13 Koreans, were in debt beyond their means, leaving major card operators beneath a heap of unpaid bills and causing them to incur losses.
* a heap of 산더미같이 많은
* incur losses 손해를 입다
7) 가까스로 면하다 narrowly escape
ex) LG Card Co., which narrowly escaped bankruptcy in January thanks to a 5 trillion won bailout, is seeking additional aid from creditors to offset mounting losses.
* bailout 비상구제, 긴급융자
8) 적자의 in red ink
ex) Its biggest rival Samsung Card Co. is also believed to have about 800 billion won written in red ink.
9) 절반으로 감소하다 halve
ex) In a further setback, LG Card saw its customers' card spending more than halve to 31.2 trillion won during the first half from 57.2 trillion won a year before.
* setback 좌절, 실패
10) 가계부채 household debt
ex) Recent figures indicate that household debt problems may be easing as the number of individuals considered delinquent fell for the first time in June.
11) 신용불량자 제도 credit defaulter classification system
ex) On Sunday, Finance Minister Lee Hun-jai said the government might scrap the credit defaulter classification system by year-end.
* scrap 폐기하다
12) 구직전망 employment prospects
The system imposes a range of disadvantages related to financial activities and employment prospects for people on the list.
13) 해군 소함대 Navy flotilla
ex) For officers and sailors of the ROK Navy flotilla responsible for security along the maritime border with North Korea, North Korean gunship Deungsangot-684 has been a key target for revenge.
14) 해상교전 naval clash
ex) In its first strike, in a naval clash two years ago, it sank the Navy speedboat Chamsuri-357, killing all six aboard.
* speedboat 고속정
15) 경비정 patrol boat
ex) So, when the 684 crossed the maritime border in the West Sea on the afternoon of July 14, southern patrol boats in the area trained their cannons at the enemy vessel so as not to lose a chance to settle the score.
* train 조준하다
* enemy vessel 적함
* settle the score 빚을 갚다 (복수하다, 원한을 갚다)
16) 남북장성급(남북군사) 회담 inter-Korean military talks
ex) But the situation was complicated by a new rule prescribing communication between the South and North, adopted in recent inter-Korean military talks.
17) 경고사격 warning shot
ex) Upon receiving this deceptive message, the nearest ROK Navy patrol boat fired two warning shots at the intruding vessel.
* deceptive 속이는, 현혹시키는
18) 합동참모본부 Joint Chiefs of Staff
ex) A report on the naval contact was immediately made to the Joint Chiefs of Staff via the chain of command, but in the report the Navy Operations Command left out the radio contacts between Baekdusan and Hallasan.
* the chain of command 명령계통
* the Navy Operations Command 해군작전사령부
* leave out 누락하다 (=omit)
19) 알게 되다 learn of  
ex) The Navy was afraid that if the Joint Chiefs learned of the radio messages, the Navy would be ordered not to fire at the northern ship.
* radio messages 무선교신내용
20) 보고 누락 사건 false reporting case
ex) This is a rough summary of a joint inquiry team’s investigation into the mid-July false reporting case, as reported to the National Assembly Defense Committee by Defense Minister Cho Yung-kil.
* rough summary 개략적인 내용
* National Assembly Defense Committee 국회 국방위원회
21) 실망(당황)스럽게도 to the dismay of
To the dismay of many observers, the incident revealed the combat command’s reluctance to accept and implement the communication rules.
22) 시기상조 too early to
ex) The general attitude of ROK Navy officers is that it is still too early to trust the North Koreans.
23) 균열 rift
ex) The incident also exposed a serious rift that has developed between the military community and the civilian administration, and between senior defense officials and the officers in the field and on the sea.
* in the field 현장에서
24) 도발적인 provocative
ex) Seoul is asking them to deal with provocative northern activities more flexibly, in order to achieve the broader goal of reducing tension and fostering reconciliation with the North.
* broader goal 포괄적인 목적
* reduce tension 긴장을 완화시키다
* foster reconciliation 화해를 도모하다
25) 선전광고물을 철거하다 dismantle propaganda facilities
ex) Some “improvements” have been made of late, such as the establishment of the maritime communications rule and the dismantling of propaganda facilities along the DMZ.

세번째

[시사표현정리]
1) 빈혈의 anemic
ex) "Dracula, The Musical" is an anemic, inert attempt to make the world's most famous vampire sing.
* inert 둔한, 느린
2) 퍼덕거리다 flap
ex) And what takes place on stage at Broadway's Belasco Theatre is enough to send the poor guy flying back to Transylvania, bat wings flapping.
cf) in a flap 안절부절 못하여
3) 깔끔한, 멋진, 훌륭한 spiffy
ex) For all its attempts at purple passion (including brief glimpses of female nudity), spiffy special effects and bloody violence, what the production offers is sedate and sexless, an unconvincing melodrama laced with dreary songs that stop rather than jump-start the plot.
* purple 자줏빛의, 선정적인
* glimpse 흘끗 봄, 일견
* sedate 차분한, 수수한, 점잖은
* unconvincing 설득력 없는
* dreary 음울한, 황량한
* jump-start 시동 걸다, 빠르게 진행시키다
4) 과장된 연기 campiness
ex) Director Des McAnuff has opted for the straightforward approach, meaning the show deliberately avoids campiness, a style which plagued Broadway's last big bloodsucking musical, "Dance of the Vampires," but at least made for a few laughs.
* opt for 선택하다, 고르다
* plague 괴롭히다, 시달리게 하다
* bloodsucking 흡혈귀의
* make for ~에 이바지 하다
5) 애쓰다, 힘들게 걷다 plod
ex) The story, adapted by Don Black and Christopher Hampton from the classic Bram Stoker novel, is reasonably coherent, if plodding.
6) 뜻대로(마음대로) 하다 have one’s way
ex) Dracula first has his way with the woman's cousin (Kelli O'Hara) and she becomes a vampire, too.
7) 무서움을 모르는, 용맹한 intrepid
ex) He is then pursued by a team of determined vampire killers, led by the intrepid Abraham Van Helsing, but only true love can capture -- and doom -- the man.
8) 내용이 없는, 빈약한 thin
ex) It's painful to watch such talented performers as Hewitt and Errico struggle with the thin material.
9) 얼굴을 찌푸리다 scowl
Hewitt, in particular, has a hard time of it, coming across as a lost soul whose emotions don't seem to go much beyond scowling.
10) 경사가 급하게 precipitously
ex) This vampire flies into the night sky, climbs in and out of coffins, and drops precipitously into a stage pit.
11) 내리 덮치다, 급습하다 swoop
ex) He is assisted by three female vampires, a sort of unholy trio who also swoop through the air when they are not singing about the joys of tasting blood.
12) 떨리는, 겁 많은 tremulous
ex) The lovely Errico, her hair a mass of brown curls, portrays one of those tremulous late 19th century heroines.
13) 관능적인 luscious
ex) The actress has a luscious voice as does O'Hara, but neither of these ladies can do much with the generic songs they are given.
* generic 지루한
14) 연극적임, 연극적인 요소 theatricality
ex) That's because composer Frank Wildhorn's pop music lacks the theatricality needed to define the characters, propel the story and engage the audience.
15) 증발하다, 사라지다 evaporate
ex) The composer, who wrote the music for such shows as "Jekyll & Hyde," "The Scarlet Pimpernel" and "The Civil War," writes melodies that seem to evaporate as soon as they are heard.
16) 진부한, 평범한 banal
ex) The lyrics by Black and Hampton are equally banal.
17) 얼간이의, 바보의 looney
Only Don Stephenson, as Dracula's looney sidekick, and Stephen McKinley Henderson, as the fearless vampire hunter, throw themselves into their roles with the conviction necessary to pull off this kind of hokum.
* sidekick 짝패, 조수
* fearless 대담 무쌍한
* pull off (어려운 일을) 훌륭히 해내다
* hokum 인기를 노린 극영화의 줄거리, 시시한 수작, 난센스
18) 도움의 손길, 감정의 고조 lift
ex) They give "Dracula" the lift that is resolutely missing from the rest of this misguided, earthbound musical.
* misguided 잘못 지도된
* earthbound 상상력이 결여된, 세련되지 않은
19) 신행정수도 a new capital city
ex) South Korea is the latest country to decide that it needs to build a new capital city.
20) 이전하다 shift, relocate
ex) Shifting a country’s capital city sounds like an act of pharaonic extravagance.
* extravagance 사치

네번째

[시사표현정리]

1) 방탕, 도락 debauchery
ex) For Baron Ochs, there is always time for debauchery, bragging and boorishness.
* boorishness 촌티 (=rudeness of manner due to insensitiveness to others' feelings)
2) 유연한 supple (=easy and fluent without stiffness or awkwardness)
ex) Breathtakingly supple voices, a Vienna Philharmonic that was honey one minute and thunder the next, and staging that made the best of both the plot and the huge Salzburg podium could not prevent creeping tedium as the production neared a close.
* honey 감미로운
* podium 연단
* creeping 오싹하는
* tedium 권태, 지루함
3) (육체와 정신의) 격심한 활동 exertion
ex) Even Richard Strauss felt his Rosenkavalier was too long and was loath to conduct it because of the physical exertion involved.
* be loath to ~을 싫어하다
4) 미묘한 nuanced
ex) As the Marschallin, Adrianne Pieczonka vocally captured all the nuanced melancholy of a woman who knows the time has come to accept age.
5) 즐거움 (즐거움을 주는 배우나 인물) a delight
ex) Franz Havlata was a delight as Ochs von Lerchenau, alternately buffoon-like and sinister as the braggart nobleman fallen on hard-times whose plan to fill his coffers through marriage is thwarted by the young lovers.
* alternately 번갈아, 교대로
* buffoon 익살광대 (=clown)
* sinister 불길한, 사악한 (=evil; presaging ill fortune or trouble)
* braggart 허풍선이
* fallen on hard-times 고난에 빠진
* coffers 금고, 재원
* thwart 방해하다, 좌절시키다 (=oppose successfully)
6) 세기말의, 퇴폐적인 fin-de-siecle
ex) With Carsen choosing to move the action up a few hundred years to pre-World War I Vienna, it all fit the fin-de-siecle mood of an era ending and of order unraveling.
* unravel 풀어지다, 무너지다
7) (총을 쏠 때) 총구에서 나오는 불빛 muzzle flash
ex) He hasn't dispelled the mist, much less disposed of the dragon, but he has set off some illuminating muzzle flashes and an invigorating din of combat.
* dispel 쫓아버리다, (근심이나 의심을) 없애다
* illuminate 비추다, 밝게 하다
* invigorating 기운 나게 하는, 상쾌한
* din 소음, 시끄러운 소리
8) 공허한, 내용 없는, 수다스러운 windy
ex) Yagoda, a writing teacher himself, charges, dodges, retreats and recharges. It may sound dry, windy and not especially fresh.
* dodge 피하다, 교묘히 회피하다
9) 상세히 설명하다 expound
ex) He expounds the argument for simplicity and transparency that runs from Aristotle through “The Elements of Style” by William Strunk and E.B. White.
10) 공공연히 avowedly
ex) He finds Strunkian dogmatics too limiting for great writing, and mostly acknowledges the stylistic artfulness in avowedly plain writers from Montaigne to Orwell.
11) 소풍, 옆길로 벗어남 excursion
ex) Often they point up his excursions more sharply than he does, but that is the book's virtue.
12) 끝을 ~으로 장식하다 tip something with ~
ex) But even though the subject was Maupassant it took Babel's time with the Cossacks to tip his phrase with iron.
13) 기운찬, 활발한, 빠른 zippy
ex) More familiar in a time of zippy anomie is Donald Barthelme's definition of style.
* anomie 사회적 무질서
14) 근절하다 uproot
ex) Vladimir Nabokov has hauled him into lifelong exile from where, uprooted, he declared that "an original style is the only true honesty any writer can ever claim."
* haul 세게 잡아당기다, 끌고 가다
15) 박식가 polymath
And the baroque polymath, Harold Bloom, denounced Strunkian plainness and transparency.
* baroque (취미 등이) 세련된, (문체가) 장식적인
* plainness 명백, 솔직, 검소

다섯번째

[시사표현정리]

1) 틀에 박힌 작품, 독립된 세트 set-piece
ex) Conventions are the great set-pieces of American presidential politics.
2) 방심하는, 꾸밈없는 unguarded
ex) With each election they seem to become ever more stage-managed, ever less liable to produce that unguarded moment that helps define a candidacy.
3) 유권자 electorate
ex) Yet they matter, particularly to anyone seeking to convince the American electorate that they are presidential material.
* presidential material 대통령이 될만한 인물
4) 빗나가다 go off in the wrong direction
ex) By contrast, Al Gore went off in the wrong direction.
5) 귀족의 patrician
ex) And now the spotlight shines on another awkward patrician Democrat.
6) 우위 lead over
ex) In the latest poll, John Kerry enjoys a tiny lead over Mr Bush, whose approval rating is a weak 43%.
* approval rating 지지도
7) 간발의 차 a whisker
ex) Mr Kerry is a whisker ahead in the polls because he is not George Bush.
8) 좋은 기록을 가지다 have a good record of
ex) Mr Bush, who has a good record of winning tough elections, is still within fighting range.
9) 강력하게 지지하다 plump for
ex) Americans plump for Mr Bush over Mr Kerry almost as rapidly as they choose his more friendly running-mate, John Edwards, over the forbidding Mr Cheney.
10) 허튼소리 blather
ex) So at the Boston convention you can expect a lot of blather about Mr Kerry's courage, wit and great fatherly skills.
11) 소신을 자주 바꾸는 사람 flip-flopper
ex) When Mr Bush attacks Mr Kerry as a flip-flopper, he hits a raw nerve.
* hit a nerve 신경을 건드리다
12) 신조 credo
ex) Is Mr Kerry truly that devoid of a credo?
* devoid of 결여된
13) 명백히 plainly
ex) On the one hand, Mr Kerry is plainly no Bill Clinton.
14) 거룩한 saintly
ex) Mr Bush's record is hardly saintly: he has made the problem worse with his tax cuts.
15) 근거가 있다 grounds for ~ing
ex) But elsewhere, there are grounds for at least hoping that Mr Kerry is moving in the right direction.
16) 불평, 반대 howl
ex) Despite the howls from the White House about him being a wild tax-and-spend liberal, his main domestic scheme seems at first sight defensible.
17) 폐지하다, 철폐하다 rescind
ex) He proposed rescinding a tax cut on people earning more than $200,000 and spending the proceeds on a goodish health-care plan
* proceeds 수익, 수입
18) 십중팔구 in all likelihood
ex) Reading between the lines a little, the Kyoto Protocol would remain unjoined; so in all likelihood would the International Criminal Court.
* read between the lines 행간을 읽다
* unjoin 분리하다
19) 불만 discontent
ex) Given the levels of discontent with Mr Bush around the globe, it is hard not to believe that Mr Kerry's softer pitch would deliver some immediate benefits.
20) 열대 다우림 rain forest
ex) The world's rain forests are owned by the mainly poor countries they cover—but at the same time they are a global asset.
21) 소득원 source of income
ex) Cutting them down for profit, or to free land for farming, is a tempting source of income for their owners.
22) 완화하다 mitigate
ex) Left intact, the forests are sinks that withhold carbon from the atmosphere, mitigating the problem of man-made global warming.
* intact 완전한, 손상되지 않은
23) 생물의 다양선 biodiversity
ex) They are rich storehouses of biodiversity, another global resource, as well.
24) 균형을 맞추다 strike a balance
ex) Plainly, a balance between local and global interests must be struck. How, exactly?
25) 화나게 하다 rile
ex) The easiest way to rile Brazilian officialdom is to suggest that the Amazon rainforest belongs more to humanity than to Brazil.
26) 산림파괴 deforestation
ex) The Ministry of Agriculture recently berated us for suggesting that agricultural expansion had anything to do with deforestation.
* berate 몹시 꾸짖다
27) 재목 벌채 logging
ex) Deforestation in the Amazon starts with land speculation and logging.
28) (일시적인 경작을 위해) 나무를 벌채하여 태우는 slash-and-burn
ex) These and other activities, including slash-and-burn agriculture by small farmers, have leveled about 15% of the Amazon in the past few decades.
* level 평평하게 하다
29) 긍정적인 분야 bright spot
ex) Last year, farming was one of the few bright spots in an economy that shrank 0.2%.
30) 베다 chop down
ex) The United States and Europe chopped down most of their forests over the past few centuries (though in recent decades North America has reforested).
31) 목장을 경영하다 ranching
ex) Ranching can go further profitably, but not without limit.
32) 계산을 치르다 foot the bill
ex) When that calculation has been made, the rest of the world should foot its share of the bill.
34) (온실 효과의 주 원인인) 이산화 탄소 greenhouse gas
The Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol offers emitters of greenhouse gases a way to offset this pollution.
35) 수익자 beneficiary
ex) If conservation of tropical forest offers global benefits, ways must be found to charge beneficiaries globally.
36) 격리하다 sequester
ex) There is a fledgling market for payments for “environmental services,” such as sequestering carbon and preserving biodiversity.

여섯번째

1) 사진촬영시간 photo opportunity
ex) These days, AIDS conferences resemble gigantic photo opportunities as much as scientific meetings.
2) 항레트로바이러스의 antiretroviral
The 15th International AIDS Conference, held this week in Bangkok, was graced by the high-commanders of antiretroviral research and of donor governments.
cf) 병합요법(HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy)
3) 화려함 glitz
ex) However, for all their glitz, such get-togethers serve to remind the world that AIDS has not gone away.
4) 감염되다 be infected with
ex) Some 38 million people are infected with HIV, the virus that causes it), that it is getting worse and that action is needed.
5) 저급한 관객, 속물 groundling
ex) They serve to allow the thousands of groundlings who attend alongside the celebrities to talk and to swap ideas.
6) 한계, 범위, purview
ex) Normally, such gestures are the purview of AIDS activists.
7) 연결을 풀다, 철수하다 disengage from
The Americans appear to be disengaging from what has hitherto been a united international front against AIDS, in order to pursue their own agenda.
* hitherto 지금까지
8) 시끄럽게 요구하다 clamor for
ex) The money for which they have been clamoring is now starting to roll in.
9) 급류 torrent
ex) Though it is not yet the torrent that they would like, it is, at least, a respectable and expanding stream.
10) 비용을 부담하다 pay the piper
ex) But he who pays the piper calls the tune, and the biggest piper-payer is the American Treasury.
* call the tune 자기 생각대로 지시하다

일곱번째

1) 청중 the audience
ex) To most of the audience, the opening night of Sam Mendes’ 1993 version of the musical “Cabaret” must have been a totally new experience for Broadway musical theater fans.
2) 전쟁전의 prewar
ex) “Cabaret” is the story of an American writer Clifford Bradshaw visiting prewar Berlin, and of the many characters he meets there.
3) 자서전적인 autobiographical
ex) The show is based on Christopher Isherwood’s autobiographical “Berlin Stories,” and has been performed more than 8,000 times on Broadway since its premiere in 1966.
* premiere 초연
4) 장황한 wordy
ex) The musical that swept and was praised as the best musical on Broadway by the New York Post, looked very un-Broadway in its wordy presentation of the story.
5) 암울한 stark
ex) The setting is rather stark with scenery consisting of black iron scaffolding that suggests a seedy nightclub.
* scaffolding 발판
* seedy 평판이 좋지 않은
6) 흥취를 더하다 spice up
ex) The orchestra spices up the show with jazz repertoires full of verve, sass, and humor.
* verve 열정, 활기
* sass 건방진 말대꾸
7) 음악의 보표, 총보 score (=the music written for a film, play)
ex) In addition to the original score, three songs from the 1972 film have been added.
8) (연극의) 소도구 props
ex) The sets and props are simple with a few doors in the background and items such as a table and chairs representing various scene changes.
9) 가창 vocal
ex) Playing the older couple in the show, John Little and Lucy Sorlucco’s solid acting was touching and their romantic, buttery sweet vocals were enjoyed by older fans at the show.
10) 촉매 역할하는 사람 catalyst
ex) However, the character of Cliff, the catalyst of the entire story, played here by Michael Curry, seems monotonous.
* monotonous 단조로운