11/24 토요일 입트영스터디 참여공지 및 과제 2

Should people become vegetarian (or eat less meat)?"   In 2010, each person in the US ate an average of 57.5 pounds of beef, 46.5 pounds of pork, and 82 pounds of chicken. Vegetarians, about 3.2% of the US population, do not eat meat (including poultry and seafood). The US Department of Agriculture includes meat as part of a balanced diet, but it also states that a vegetarian diet can meet "the recommended dietary allowances for nutrients." Many proponents of vegetarianism say that eating meat harms health, wastes resources, causes deforestation, and creates pollution. They often argue that killing animals for food is cruel and unethical since non-animal food sources are plentiful. Many opponents of a vegetarian diet say that moderate meat consumption is healthful, humane, and that producing vegetables causes many of the same environmental problems as producing meat. They also argue that humans have been eating and enjoying meat for 2.3 million years. The American Dietetic Association, the American Heart Association, and the World Health Organization state that a vegetarian diet can meet human nutritional needs and provide health benefits such as prevention of certain diseases. Many physicians also argue that eating meat may increase the chances of developing health problems including high blood pressure, heart and kidney disease, and certain types of cancer. Critics of the vegetarian diet such as the Weston A. Price foundation and many physicians, say that the diet often lacks several key nutrients, especially saturated fats. They argue that a vegetarian diet tends to be too high in carbohydrates and sugars, and can increase the risk of health problems including diabetes and anemia.   PRO Vegetarian -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- According to the American Dietetic Association and the USDA a vegetarian diet can provide complete nutrition for optimal human health including all 10 essential proteins (amino acids). A vegetarian diet reduces the chances of developing kidney and gallstones. Diets high in animal protein cause the body to excrete calcium, oxalate, and uric acid - the main components of kidney and gallstones. A peer-reviewed Nov. 15, 1999 study found that a diet high in animal protein is responsible for the high rates (15% of men and 7% of women) of kidney stones in the US. A vegetarian diet provides a more healthful form of iron than a meat-based diet. Studies have linked heme iron in red meat with an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer. Vegetarian sources of iron like leafy greens and beans contain non-heme iron. A vegetarian diet helps build healthy bones because vegetarians absorb more calcium than meat eaters. Meat has high renal acid levels which the body must neutralize by leaching calcium from the bones. This calcium is then passed into urine and lost. A vegetarian diet lowers the risk of heart disease. According to a peer-reviewed 1999 study of 76,000 people, vegetarians had 24% lower mortality from heart disease than meat eaters. A vegetarian diet also helps lower blood pressure, prevent hypertension, and thus reduce the risk of stroke. A peer-reviewed 2004 study from Harvard researchers found that eating meat increases the risk of getting type 2 diabetes. A vegetarian diet rich in whole grains, legumes, nuts, and soy proteins helps to improve glycemic control in people with diabetes. Vegetarians live longer. A Mar. 12, 2012 peer-reviewed study of 121,342 people found that eating red meat was associated with an increased risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease." A vegetarian diet promotes a healthful weight. Meat eaters had an average Body Mass Index (BMI) 8.3% higher than vegetarians. Raising animals for food creates 18% of global greenhouse gases - more than the transportation sector. Greenhouse gases are created by animal farts and burps (aka enteric fermentation), manure decomposition, and deforestation to make room for grazing animals and growing feed. "worldwide diet change, away from animal products" is necessary to stop the worst effects of global climate change.   CON Vegetarian  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eating meat is not cruel or unethical. Every organism on earth dies, at some point, so others can live. There is nothing wrong with this cycle; it is how nature works. Humans have been eating meat for 2.3 million years, and it has been an essential part of our evolution. The inclusion of meat in the ancestral diet provided a dense form of nutrients and protein that, when combined with high-calorie low-nutrient carbohydrates such as roots, allowed us to develop our large brains and intelligence. Meat is the most convenient protein source since it provides all 10 essential proteins (amino acids), as well as essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, and the B vitamins, in one serving. Most individual plant foods do not provide adequate levels of all 10 essential proteins in a single serving. Eating meat provides a better source of iron than a vegetarian diet. The body absorbs 15% to 35% of the heme iron in meat, but only absorbs 2% to 20% of the non-heme iron found in vegetarian sources like leafy greens and beans. Eating meat provides healthy saturated fats which strengthen the immune and nervous systems and contain vitamins A, D, E and  K. Saturated fats are also essential for building and maintaining cell health, and help the body absorb calcium. Meat is the best source of vitamin B12 - a vitamin necessary to nervous and digestive system health. Vegetarians do not live longer. This myth stems from the fact that vegetarians tend to be more health conscious than the general population, eating a balanced diet, exercising more, and smoking less. A meat-centered diet can help with weight loss. It takes fewer calories to get protein from lean meat than it does from vegetarian options. One serving of lean beef (3 oz.) contains as much protein as one serving of beans (1½ cups) or a veggie burger. However, the lean beef has half the calories of beans (180 vs. 374), and 50%-75% fewer calories than the veggie burger. This immunity allows soy farmers to douse their fields with large quantities of weed-killing herbicides which endanger the environment and are toxic to other plants and fish. Some scientists worry that increased herbicide use could create "super weeds." The right to eat what we want, including meat, is a fundamental liberty that we must defend. Meat eaters don't need to feel guilty. Everything we consume, including vegetables or meat, clothing or energy, has environmental, ethical, and health consequences.