https://pure.eur.nl/ws/files/47600065/REPUB_86865_OA.pdf
Work–study conflict (WSC) 1. Because of my job, I go to university tired 2. I spend less time studying and doing homework because of my job 3. My job takes up time that I’d rather spend at university or on assignments for my studies 4. I have to miss study activities due to the amount of time I must spend on work responsibilities 5. When I study I keep thinking of work-related issues 6. My attention slackens while studying because stuff at work worries me 7. I am often so emotionally drained when I get home from work that it prevents me from contributing to my schoolwork 8. Due to all the pressures at work, sometimes when I come home I am too stressed to do the things I should do on schoolwork 9. My study suffers from my stressful job 10. The problem-solving behaviors I use in my job are ineffective in resolving problems at university 11. Behavior that is effective and necessary for me at work would be counterproductive at university 12. I need to behave differently at university compared to how I need to behave at work 13. How I am at work is undesirable at university
Study effort 1. I put forth a high level of effort in class 2. I concentrate hard in class 3. I let my mind wander in class (r) 4. I try to do my best on all assignments 5. I really study hard for exams 6. I do the best possible schoolwork I can 7. I do just enough schoolwork to get by (r) 8. I do all of the reading assigned for class 9. I turn in some assignments late (r)
Job control 1. I have freedom to decide how to organize my work 2. I have control over what happens on my job 3. I can make my own decisions on my job 4. I have freedom to decide which tasks to do on my job
Job demands 1. My job requires me working hard 2. My job requires a great deal of work to be done 3. There is not enough time to do my job 4. There is excessive work in my job 5. There is not enough time to finish my work 6. There are conflicting demands on my job
Job involvement 1. The most important things in my life happen at work 2. The most important things that happen to me involve my job 3. I have other activities more important than my work (r)2 4. To me my work is only a small part of who I am (r) 5. I am involved personally in my work 6. Most things in life are more important than work (r)
Job support 1. Certain colleagues come to me when they have problems or need advice at work 2. I need my colleagues for (emotional) support at work 3. Colleagues share many of my interests 4. My colleagues and I are open about what we think about things 5. Colleagues come to me for (emotional support) 6. Colleagues are good at helping me solve problems at work 7. I have a deep sharing relationship with a number of colleagues 8. Colleagues seek me out for companionship
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6724&context=dissertations
https://www.usg.edu/georgia_best/user_docs/gamods8_0_collegeWorkStudy_userdoc_FINAL.pdf
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:915917/fulltext01.pdf
https://oxfordre.com/business/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.001.0001/acrefore-9780190224851-e-52;jsessionid=DADE5C83673897663ACCEE61D0529B2B
file:///C:/Users/Samsung/Downloads/fpsyg-11-00475.pdf
https://pfsc.psychology.uq.edu.au/files/2380/Complete%20WAFCS%20scale%20and%20scoring.pdf
Work and Family Conflict Scale WAFCS
1. My work prevents me spending sufficient quality time with my family 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2. There is no time left at the end of the day to do the things I’d like at home (e.g., chores and leisure activities) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3. My family misses out because of my work commitments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4. My work has a negative impact on my family life 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5. Working often makes me irritable or short tempered at home 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6. My work performance suffers because of my personal and family commitments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7. Family related concerns or responsibilities often distract me at work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8. If I did not have a family I’d be a better employee 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9. My family has a negative impact on my day to day work duties 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10. It is difficult to concentrate at work because I am so exhausted by family responsibilities
Psychological Well-Being and Psychological Safety
Psychological well-being and psychological safety were assessed using the twelve-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) developed by Goldberg and Williams (1988). GHQ-12 is a validated instrument that measures the psychological well-being and psychological safety of employees. Commonly the instrument is used to detect the symptoms of ailments, such as non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Example items measuring psychological well-being are “Able to concentrate,” “Capable of making decisions,” and “Constantly under strain.” Psychological safety example items include items “Feeling unhappy and depressed” and “Losing confidence in yourself.” Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency of the scale, exhibiting an adequate level of 0.799 for psychological well-being and 0.812 for psychological safety, respectively.
Work-Family Conflict
A nine-item scale was adopted from Carlson et al. (2000) measuring work-to-family conflicts. Example items are “My work keeps me from my family activities more than I would like,” and “I have to miss family activities due to the amount of time I must spend on work responsibilities.” Scale exhibited adequate reliability of 0.889.
Job Performance
Job performance scale measuring the in-role performance of employees was adopted from Williams and Anderson (1991). The scale consists of seven items. The items were worded so that employees could assess their in-role performance. For instance, “Adequately complete assigned duties” and “Fulfill responsibilities specified in the job description.” Two items were reverse coded: “Neglect aspects of the job I am obligated to perform” and “Fail to perform essential duties.” Cronbach’s alpha value of the job performance scale was 0.781, indicating internal consistency.