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분사구 예문
A participle is a verb form used as an adjective. It modifies a noun or pronoun.
(바로 요 used 가 동사형태지만 형용사역할로 명사수식하는걸 분사라한다)
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/phrases.htm
Present participles,
verbals ending in -ing, and past participles, verbals that end in -ed
(for regular verbs) or other forms (for irregular verbs), are combined
with complements and modifiers and become part of important phrasal
structures.
Participial phrases always act as adjectives.
When they begin a sentence, they are often set off by a comma (as an introductory modifier);
otherwise, participial phrases will be set off by commas if they are parenthetical elements.현분사 Present participles end in -ing ending! 능동상태
과분사 Past participles end in : -d, -ed, -t, or -en endings! 수동상태
분사는 1. 삽입적으로 쓰여 주어인 명사/대명사 수식하거나 다른 명사를 한정/서술적으로 수식/설명/묘사한다
Example
# 1 - Working rapidly, we completed the task in record time. 주어수식
(Completed is the verb. Working is the participle; it is used as an adjective to modify the pronoun we)
Example # 2 - The poor horse, ridden to exhaustion, could stand. 주어수식
(could stand is the verb. Ridden is the participle, used as an adjective to modify the noun horse.)
Example # 3 - They were trapped in an abandoned mine. 명사수식
(Were trapped is the verb. Abandoned is the participle, used as an adjective to modify the noun mine)
*flaming spears /hurled at~
spears that is flaming
spears that is hurled at~
After days /spent ignoring and avoiding the problem in my house, I changed my tactics.
=> I spent days /ignoring and avoiding the problem in my house, I changed my tactics.
분사의 동작은 주어인 '나'가 함
I spent less time /contemplating where he was
And yet, doubts don’t make us broken believers,
just broken people /living in a world //where things break our hearts — and God’s.
The holidays are just around the corner. For some people, that thought spurs exciting memories of beautifully decorated tables /filled with scrumptious meals, festive shopping trips, extended family time, brightly wrapped gifts under a tree … the “Walton” kind of holiday.
But the confusion did fade … and I was eventually thrilled /with my improved vision and retrained brain.
For a checklist-loving girl, there’s nothing quite /as frustrating /as feeling () you’re getting nothing accomplished.
분사구 전구/부
처음 as 는 부사 다음 as 는 전치사 ; /as frustrating 은 분사구 /as feeling 은 전치사구
“How are you?” she responded, [her lovely British lilt /reflecting genuine pleasure].
“Why, yes,” Roma responds, [her voice /trembling].
Other passengers slid /down the inflatable emergency chutes, some /running when they touched the ground and others /walking away. One man told a relative later that there was so much smoke it was hard to breathe.
동격 명사구와 독립명사구(독립분사구문) 대비 비교
아래 문장에 쓰인 동격구는 동격 명사구라 하면서도
The Trocmés lived in Le Chambon in Vichy France,
a part of France not occupied by the Nazis, but run by the collaborationist French Vichy government.
Mrs. Giles continued, “I couldn’t believe () Jered was willing to give Turtle /to a stranger, but he tried.” The crying child took
one look at Turtle and threw it in Jered’s face. Stunned, he picked up Turtle and lay down on the mat, refusing to move,
분사가 떳다 하면 우선 분사는 형역이라는 분사 기초공식을 상기하고
그 분사의 동작자인 명사/대명사를 찾아 능동/수동 상태설명으로 연계하되
주어수식이면 동시/전후/인과 관계 설정을 하여 이해하면 된다
분사구와 주절의 관계 일치
Another common error is that students tend to overlook the fact that the two actions have to be in a
cause-and-effect relationship 인과관계
or a before-and-after sequential relationship. 동시나 전후관계
주어수식 분사는 주어의 본동작에 관련한 전후/동시/인과 관계의 준동작 상태를 설명하는 경우로만 쓰이기에
본동사와 준동사는 같은 동작자/주체를 공유하는 주절동작과 종절 동작과 유사하므로
분사구를 부사절로 전환가능한 것이지 분사구가 부사역할이라 그런건 아니다
주어수식과 앞명사수식 비교
I need to spend a whole lot less time /trying to fix the messes in my life. 주어수식
I think you’ll find that the old thrill is still there /waiting for you. 주어수식
Help me [see Your hand working even in the midst of things]. 앞 명사/목적 수식
We hyper-focus on the lines of Scripture /containing the miracles so much that we miss the detail of the mess. 앞명사/전목
Shaken and fearing the worst, James looked /behind him—and was relieved to see all three children still strapped snugly in their seat belts,
Scared and miserable, Carole fled home for lunch and poured out her tale of woe to her mother.
Curious and trusting, you would return the bum’s smile, then hold out your hands to give him a hug.
Meghan slipped quietly into her own room and returned /hugging something tightly to her chest.
The twins stared /open-mouthed at their baby sister.
“Naked a man comes from his mother’s womb, and as he comes, so he departs. He takes nothing from his labor that he can carry in his hand”
* Naked a man comes from his mother’s womb,= a man comes Naked from his mother’s womb,
But then, predictably, his sock started to work its way down the ankle and the toe was flopping like a loose sole of a worn old shoe. Undaunted, Steven ran on, sock flopping.
The father frequently stumbles home in the middle of the night, smelling of alcohol, then wakes the little girl with shouts and threats against her mother.
Mrs. Giles continued, “I couldn’t believe () Jered was willing to give Turtle /to a stranger, but he tried.” The crying child took
one look at Turtle and threw it in Jered’s face. Stunned, he picked up Turtle and lay down on the mat, refusing to move,
his plane was 140 feet off the ground, flying mostly /level at 260 mph.
He said he heard "a lot of people screaming, not really believing [what was happening to them"] and witnessed people /with what looked like head and rib injuries.
Levy started [to help other passengers off the plane], trying to keep them calm and telling them not to worry about their bags.
when a British Airways flight landed short and skidded onto the runway, injuring 47 people.
How can a wife feel safe or valued if she’s left /guessing /about what her husband is really thinking and feeling?
주어 수식이 명확한 경우 분사구가 컴마 없이도 쓰인다
For example, after a particularly grueling series of speaking appearances some years ago,
I came /dragging home on Friday night feeling () I’d earned a day off.
That seemed like a reasonable plan /for a guy //who had been out /earning a living day and night.
One day he and his father, Greg, sat in a hospital lounge /waiting for Mrs. Krebs, who worked at the hospital. Another man, shabbily dressed and emanating a peculiar aroma, was also waiting there.
I got my contacts. The first few months were just as frustrating /as the doctor said () they would be.
***독립분사구문이라는 오명을 벗기자***
Mrs. Giles continued, “I couldn’t believe () Jered was willing to give Turtle /to a stranger, but he tried.” The crying child took
one look at Turtle and threw it in Jered’s face. Stunned, he picked up Turtle and lay down on the mat, refusing to move,
"Turtle clutched tightly in his arms" 는 명사+분사구=명사구이고
바로 이 명사구가
독립적으로 쓰여 문장 전체를 수식하니 절대구 혹은 독립명사구로 부사역할이다 한다
자. 전치/후치 수식
한단어로 된 분사는 명사 앞에서 뒤에온 명사를 수식하고
한단어 이상인 분사구는 명사 뒤에서 앞에온 명사를 수식한다
[the rhythm of life for a little child] is very different than the determined pace /set by sophisticated adults.
the determined pace, sophisticated adults 분사+명사
pace /set by sophisticated adults 명사+분사구
분사/구 가 쓰인 문장 예문
police picked up a man /using Schrenker's Indiana driver's license and carrying a pair of what appeared to be pilot's goggles.
With his personal and financial worlds crumbling around him, investment adviser Marcus Schrenker opted for a bailout.
In neighboring North Dakota, Grand Forks dropped to a record low for Jan. 13 of 37 below zero, lopping six degrees off the old record /set in 1979,
The weather service warned that exposed flesh can freeze in 10 minutes when the wind chill is 40 degrees below zero or colder.
His son reported him missing and said he was prone to sleepwalking,
Then the negotiator settled into a long conversation /calculated to keep McAninch calm.
He kept the engine[O] running[OC].
Then he became concerned. 형역 분사
there was a gaping hole under his chin/ pulsing out blood.
“Boys interpret the world as objects /moving through space
And there are the guardians of Las Vegas' image, the ad execs/ tasked with making sure tourists still want to come here.
There are plenty of men and women /trying to revive the enterprise.
A growing number of companies promise to help people /drowning in debt.
You’re told to cash the check and wire off the money /required to claim your winnings.
Pulling the handle fired initiation cartridges that sent gas /spewing through a system of tubing in the seat. In turn, that released a high-tension spring, /tightening the harness and leg straps, /yanking the flier into position.
Right now, me /walking at sea level is like you /walking at 5,000 feet. But that's a small price to pay.
the great white shark /plowing through the water, about to knock him off his board.
You're in perfect sync with an actual moving force of nature,"
Endris lived for the adrenaline rush that came with outracing a roaring wave, the cold salty spray/ stinging his face as he barreled underneath the curving white water.
He launched a business taking care of large saltwater aquariums owned by wealthy clients after he graduated.
During his six days in the hospital, Endris, often in a painkiller-induced fog, thought about the ocean.
There's a small swell coming
He scanned the surface of the bay until he spotted a huge swell /building behind him, curling with white foam. It was an ideal wave, smooth and cylindrical.
Kids usually feel upset when they see or hear parents arguing.
He barely noticed the dolphins leaping over his head.
Glancing over his shoulder, he spotted a gray creature /rising 12 feet out of the water with Endris and a blue surfboard in its mouth
Landing headfirst in the water, he felt his pulse quicken
Not knowing what to do, Tammi ducked behind a food rack at the back of the store.
Another part of you might imagine your crush noticing you and sharing the same feelings.
In 1965 a small group at the Leo Burnett advertising agency sat around a table surrounded
by cans of dough trying to create an advertising and marketing campaign
for Pillsbury’s refrigerated dough account.
An argument is a fight using words. 명사 수식
She never saw it coming. 목보
Angelo didn't seem depressed. 주격 보어
She began making the rounds of local service groups, foundations, and corporations, seeking donations. making 은 동명사/목적, seeking 은 주어수식 분사; she 가 seek 하는것
The most gripping story is her son's.
He planned a stunning solo maneuver:
No trays means no water or energy spent washing them.
spent ; modify energy washing; modify spent
He lives in a spacious home /overlooking the Atlantic Ocean.
the organic dye /used to record the data on the disc will eventually spoil if it is not used.
As looming icebergs blotted out the low sun,
Spray /kicked up by his paddles froze instantly against his wet suit,
the piercing chill didn't faze Pugh:
Polar landscapes had been his proving ground before.
the reigning king of extreme swimming was back, battling to achieve another kind of superhuman feat:
Bear!" shouted a lookout on the small ship /escorting his kayak.
they'd seen mailboxes /hanging open.
Put him in a crowded room and he would blend into the background, like a camouflaged moth on a tree trunk.
The Swedish police do not arrest the men right away. They want to catch them selling Wittman the stolen Rembrandt.
this guy drove like someone /casing houses. casing; thief looking for possible target to hit
부사적 의미의 형역 현재/과거 분사; 즉 주어수식으로 본동사와 동시, 전후, 인과관계에 있는 분사구
Each flame should be steady and mostly blue, tapering to a small, but distinct orange tip.
All things considered 전치사, it's best to buy new discs on an as-needed basis, rather than purchasing a large quantity to use over several years.
When exposed to threat and confrontation, blood goes to their guts, leaving them feeling nervous or anxious.
Girls work well in circles, facing each other.
McAninch sat thinking
The kids were already up, eating cereal and watching cartoons. PP 주어 수식 콤마 is the key.
an off-duty policeman noticed the car slowly cruising a neighborhood. PP 목적수식
McAninch pulled over and lifted his shirt, showing his fried, Scalf, the 9 mm semi-automatic in his belt.
Leaving the courthouse, she checked her watch
Intending to dash in and pick up some sodas, she left her keys and cell phone on the seat.
he has checked into a hotel under a false name, using false travel documents
Saving these things brings us closer together as human beings," says Wittman, explaining why he goes to work every day.
Then the reality of what had happened hit so hard that nurses came running to see why his monitors had spiked and set off alarms.
Pulling up hard, Stricklin was trying to get the plane into a position in which he just might survive an ejection and still spare the crowd below.
Taking off at
high speed, he would initiate a sharp climb, roll the plane upside
down, and complete the loop by diving and pulling up at the last moment.
After high school, Endris, wanting to be close to the water, enrolled at California State University, Monterey Bay.
By age 16, he was an expert, teaching surf camp kids what he knew.
Six bottlenose dolphins were leaping in and out of the water, stirring up whitecaps
Glancing over his shoulder, he spotted a gray creature rising 12 feet out of the water with Endris and a blue surfboard in its mouth
a man stood looking quizzically at her,
The large woman and her companion stole glances at Karen, looking increasingly nervous.
sat out in the cutting wind wearing nothing more than half a neoprene wet suit.
Soaked from spray and covered in goose bumps, he refused to go somewhere more comfortable
On a one-mile swim in Antarctica in December 2005, just yards from the finish, his body began to succumb. His limbs turned leaden, and his team reported that he looked dazed. 연결 동사뒤에온 분사
Working with experts at the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Pugh began a punishing training regimen.
In 2006, living in London and working in a law firm specializing in shipping cases, Pugh swam from the open Pacific into Australia's Sydney Harbour;
Swimming around the Cape of Good Hope, he passed over the shadow of a great white shark.
Before big swims, Pugh spends up to four hours a day preparing mentally.
Another vehicle had hit the car, killing the driver.
He has cruised the San Diego highways looking for motorists flummoxed by flat tires or dead batteries.
Driving in an Illinois blizzard when he was 16, he got stuck in a snowdrift.
Hunched against the bitter wind, he paddled for four hours at a stretch.
Growing up in Devon, active but not athletic, he was spellbound by romantic stories of polar explorers told by his father, a naval admiral.
Function in Question
forum discussion;
According
to one site I looked at, adverbial clause (such as “while I was
watching televison”) can be reduced only when the subect of the
adverbial clause is the same as the subject of the main clause.
***Unreduced: I fell asleep while I was watching television.
***Reduced: I fell asleep watching television.
That being the case,
Reduced ; “We played a fun game, trying to remember the day’s coaching tips” could be a reduced form of
Unreduced ; “We played a fun game while we were trying to remember the day’s coaching tips” or
“We played a fun game by trying to remember the day’s coaching tips”
Then,
again, if “trying to remember the day’s coaching tips” is the game bing
played, it’s a gerund phase serving as an "appositive".
“The adviser urged us to be sensitive to our neighbours, implying that we might offend someone verbally” could also be:
“The
adviser urged us to be sensitive to our neighbours by implying that we
might offend someone verbally,” makinng the clause a gerund and object
of a prepositioin. Or
“Most people have left early to avoid the
rush hour, meaning there are only 18 people taking part in the
end-of-weekend mixed doubles tournament”
could be rewritten, “Most
people have left early to avoid the rush hour, which means that there
are only 18 people taking part in the end-of-weekend mixed doubles
tournament”
Without getting into some other form of higher
grammar, I think that it’s sufficient to say that we have the ability to
say the same things in a variety of ways, and that changes in the way
we say things can result in structural (and therefore grammatical)
changes to the sentence.
I’m sure that some would argue, but, in
my opinion, grammar is a way to analyze speech and writing, not vice
versa. Therefore, what we say and write is sometimes hard to put into a
static grammatical framework. Grammar should describe the many correct
ways of saying the same thing in a variety of ways rather that prescribe
the ways we communicate.
I would regard the following as adverbial participles:
He has done well, considering his age.
She will pass the test providing she concentrates (or provided [that] she concentrates).
Nothing much can be done, given the economic situation.
Here is a site explaining adverbial participles:
부사적 역할 분사구라 하는 이유는
분사는 준동사이기에
주어수식인 분사구의 경우
주어의 본동사가 따로 있으니 분사는 준동작이 되고
준동사는 마치 종속동사와 같은 역할을 하므로
부사절로 고칠 수 있기에 부사적으로 설명을 하나
문법상으로 분사는 기본적으로 명사/대명사 수식인 형용사 역할 이므로
주어인 명사/대명사의 동작상태를 설명하는 형역 분사구로 설명하는 학자들이 더 많다
Consider these sets of made-up examples:
1a. The noise made by the car suggested an engine problem.
1b. Tired from the trip, we went to bed right after dinner.
2a. The tall women standing in the corner are from Brazil.
2b. Standing in the corner, the tall women watched the other people in the classroom closely.
1a and 2a show participle clauses that have adjectival function; they come after the noun and are attached to it and have become part of it. They can be analyzed as reduced relative clauses:
명사뒤에 와서 선행 명사를 수식하므로 형용사절의 간략형이라 할 수 있다
1a. The noise that was made by the car suggested an engine problem.
2a. The tall women who are standing in the corner are from Brazil.
While
the other clauses have the same types of words and the same
organization, they have different functions—and are analyzed as coming
from different sourses. 1b and 2b are actually adverbial in function
and meaning.
1b and 2b 는 부사적 성격을 보이는 분사구이다
Tired from the trip, we went to bed right after dinner.
=> Because we were tired from the trip, we went to bed right after dinner.
Standing in the corner, the tall women watched the other people in the classroom closely.
=> While they were standing in the corner, the tall women watched the other people in the classroom closely.
When I walked home, I spotted some criminal activity.
Walking home, I spotted some criminal activity.
Adverbial participles:
원래 분사의 기본 역할은 형용사 역할이나
문장 전체 수식으로 될때 (사실은 주절의 주어 수식이나)
본동작에 대한 동시, 전후 또는 인과 관계로 제한되는 부사적 의미를 첨가하는 역할을 하니 부사절로 바꿀 수 있다
Adverbial
participle clauses can give more information about another clause, and
they can come before or after the other clause. They usually tell you
why, how or when the situation in the other clause happens.
Being a decent pianist, he soon found work. (=Because he was a good pianist, …)
Treated with care, a good violin will increase in value. (=If it is treated with care, ...)
Having passed her final exams, she decided to go traveling. (=After she had passed her final exams,…)
I
suppose the adverbial participle here is the participle other sites
explain; however, these other sites don’t call them adverbial in nature;
instead they say they are modifying a noun, which I suppose is just
another way of looking at it.
단지 주절의 주어를 수식한다고만 하는 학자도 있다
So here is list of the uses of a participle as a modifier: 수식구로 쓰이는 분사구의 종류**************
1) Adverbial (or can be seen as modifying the noun):
Being a decent pianist, he soon found work. (=Because he was a good pianist, …)
2) Participles used after a noun to introduce more information about it (reduced relative clauses):
The Minister, who was looking tired after the meeting, gave a brief press conference.
à The Minister, looking tired after the meeting, gave a brief press conference.
3) Participles used after a clause to introduce more information about it:
They use a sitar on most tracks, which gives their music an Eastern feel.
à They use a sitar on most tracks, giving their music an Eastern feel.
4) Finally, like other modifiers, participles can be restrictive and non-restrictive:
제한/비제한 용법 (한국에서는 비제한 용법을 계속용법이라 한다 영어로 검색하려면 non-restrictive 로)
The old man standing next to my father is my uncle. [restrictive]
다른사람아닌 바로 거기 서있는 사람이어야 한다니 콤마 안씀
The old man, standing next to my father on the street corner, was waiting on the bus. [non-restrictive] 콤마로 분리하며 첨가사항으로 이해
I should discuss the underlying problems for why the conflict exists,
helping to solve the problems in a group, rather than individually.
Again, the italicised phrase has an adverbial feel but can be analysed as adjectival (‘I’ should ‘help to solve’),
so I would prefer to go with the latter. However, the sentence is rather awkward. It would be better to say:
I should discuss the problems /underlying the conflict, and help to solve them, in a group rather than individually.
A wise man once told me that everything we read becomes a part of us, molding our personalities and points of view.”
Q: Here is yet another questionable participle phrase. It doesn’t modify the subject or any noun at all.
Some may say this is a dangling modifier. But after a lengthy discussion on this forum, I would say this is either
1)a gerund (object of the omitted preposition ‘by’)
2)an adverbial participle modifying the finite verb in the noun/that clause, ‘become.’
Would you say these two alternatives are correct? Or would you see this is ungrammatical?
A;
The quoted sentence is perfectly grammatical. I would say the
participle phrase is adjectival, modifying the noun phrase ‘everything
we read’. (Is the sentence saying that everything we read moulds our
personalities and points of view? Yes.) You could alternatively regard
the participle phrase as adverbial, modifying ‘becomes’. But I think it
would be too much of a stretch to regard it as a gerund.
As I
recently pointed out in another thread, my rule in these cases is:
Regard the participle phrase as adjectival unless the meaning makes this
impossible. (my addition; because a participle phrase is to modify the
subject of the main clause)
Then he became concerned.
he wanted a live television crew filming his surrender
"I usually have [people following me for a while.] or [people]o [following me for a while.]oc?
her life sent reeling out of control.
Active voice present particles pretty much always work, as long as the subject of the main clause also performs the action described in the participle.
Punishing the young child, he turned red in the face.
Wanting to see a Yankees’ game, John booked a flight to New York.
Enjoying the sight of fresh flowers, Linda went to the florist each week.
Active
voice past participles generally require the perfect tense when the
subject of the main clause also performs the acting of the participle.
Having punished the young child too severely, the father apologized.
Having seen a bear on his previous outing, the camper looked carefully in all directions.
Simple
past particles seem to be naturally passive, because the subject of the
main clause is the recipient of the action of the participle.
Caught by the tide, the swimmer began drifting out to sea.
Punished by the enemy for several years, the soldier was glad to be free.
Sighted by the rescue team, the hikers soon found themselves at a local hospital.
*****passive voice or past participle functioning as adjective?************************************
동작을 당하는 수동태로 볼까 과거분사의 형용사적 역할로 보아 상태의 묘사로 볼까?
Test;
One of the best ways to determine whether a past participle is part of a passive-voice verb or an adjective is to recast the sentence and see whether the participle makes sense as an adjective.
분사를 명사 앞의 형용사 위치로 보낸 문장을 만들어 보아 말되면 형용사역이다
The vase was stained. It was a stained vase. [yes]
The window was broken. It was a broken window. [yes]
The soldier was promoted. He was a promoted soldier. [no]
The fossil was discovered. It was a discovered fossil [I would say no]
My
feeling is that the sentence is in passive voice with the discoverer
not named. This is not 100-percent effective, but helpful.
Underline the present and past participles that are modifying nouns/pronouns in the sentences below.
*
Draw arrows from the participles to the nouns/pronouns they modify.
* Do NOT mark participles that are part of the main verb. Only mark those used as modifiers of nouns or pronouns.
1.
Where did you hide my running shoes?
2. ------>
She dropped the burnt toast into the trash when my stressed mom was not looking.
3. ----->
The students surprised their hard-working principal with a loud hurrah.
4. --------->
Many advertising companies target women in their late teens.
5. --------->
Abandoned cats and dogs have become a too-common sight in our cities.
6. -------->
The reporting journalist squinted at the bright lights.
7. -------->
Most of the skilled trapeze artists trained in Florence, Italy.
8.
There are no quick fixes for broken people.
9.
The movie star waved at her cheering fans.
10.
We placed the frozen enchiladas on the counter.
Participial Phrases
Participial phrases are made up of participles and accompanying modifiers.
*Hoping to do his part to protect them, he joined several organizations dedicated to their preservation.
o
Ex: The jogger running in the puddle is going to be very wet and cold.
*
Just like simple participles (above), participial phrases can be made
up of present or past participles and accompanying modifiers.
o
Ex: The police scattered the protesters loitering outside the museum.
o
Ex: The Great Smoky Mountains National Park contains rolling hills blanketed by bluish haze.
*
Simple participles usually appear immediately before the noun/pronoun
modified. Participial phrases follow the noun/pronoun modified.
Sentences
Directions:
*
Underline the present and past participles and participial phrases modifying nouns/pronouns in the sentences below.
*
Draw arrows from the participles and participial phrases to the nouns/pronouns they modify.
*
Ignore participial forms that are part of the main verb. In this
exercise, we're just looking at participles and participial phrases that
are modifying nouns or pronouns.
1.
Stock traders investing in foreign markets have enjoyed a 40% yield this year.
2. <------
The Napa Symphony strives for fun performances filled with musical details polished
to a high
degree.
<----- <-------
3.
The panel of judges denied the objection made by the plaintiff's attorney.
4. <-----
The National Institute of Health draws on research accumulated over decades.
5. <---------
Children can be hurt by parents suffering job distress.
6.
The first city attacked by the troops was in the middle of the desert.
7.
Some plants growing at an angle can straighten themselves up.
8.
Three teenagers treated in the emergency room yesterday required stitches.
9. <--------
The ski run covered with the most new powder attracted huge crowds of skiers.
10. <------ 눈
Throngs crowding Lincoln Avenue cheered the Cinco de Mayo parade in Calistoga.
11.
Six Greek statues carved out of marble were returned to Athen's museum.
12.
Nearly bankrupt reaching hospitals all over the country are re-examining their finances.
13.
The reporter describing the fiesta didn't reveal all of the colorful details.
14.
Most of the trapeze artists trained in Florence work in other cities.
15.
The clothing styles sold at this sleazy thrift store are not available in department stores.
16.
The restaurant served potatoes baked in a special salt shell.
17.
The Red Cross sent helpers to all the countries stricken by the tsunami.
18.
The game scheduled for Tuesday was moved up to Monday.
19.
Hail beating on the roof made a startling noise.
20.
The horse terrified by the barking chihuahua bucked and reared.
<------- ------->
예문
Growing up,
I knew it was wrong to drink alcohol before the legal age of 21, but
the age limit certainly wasn't going to stop me -- or any other kid I
knew.
Even if an adult is supervising underage drinkers, it makes the situation even more outrageous because we as teenagers are not being held accountable for our mistakes.수동진행
I've seen the devastating effects that alcohol has had in many people's lives, including my own.
It's torn families apart, created unnecessary crimes and resulted in avoidable deaths.
has torn 완료
I'm not sure if it's that some adults these days are not well-informed about the effects of alcohol on the human body,
"We like the same things and when I'm around him, I always end up feeling happy even if before I felt really sad." 동명사
"He understands me. He's not afraid of love. He's not afraid of people knowing () we like each other and he makes me feel safe."
I was here just last week cleaning your carpets, painting your shutters, or delivering your new refrigerator.
Yes, I really do look for newspapers piled up on the driveway.
Most refrigerators will have a diagram on the back or folded up under the front grille showing the location of the major parts.
Keep it clean and you’ll get a nice, tight seal, keeping the cool air where it belongs, in the fridge.
Over the next four months, the Redmen went on to beat each and every one of their opponents, racking up another perfect season.
I was a new father living in Manhattan, far from my Midwestern roots.
All Redmen sign a contract vowing not to drink, smoke, or take drugs.
Growing up in Plainville, an hour away, Barta learned the art of mentoring from his own high school football coach,
The Republican walks away /feeling very satisfied that good has been done here.
, ‘The Conservative Party should come clean. If this is the Tory party trying to airbrush the embarrassing past of their new friend in Europe from the record, they should have the courage to say so.’
when you are grown up, you'll be the parent having to break up the fights! (have to break up the fights)
A lot of kids agreed with Nick about brothers and sisters sticking together through the years.
European officials, increasingly concerned that the Continent’s debt crisis will spread, are warning that any new rescue plans may need to cover Portugal as well as Ireland /to contain the problem () they tried to resolve six months ago.
*****전치사화한 분사구**********************************
Using “being that” to mean “because” is nonstandard,as in “Being that the bank robber was fairly experienced, it was surprising that he showed the teller his ID card when she asked for it.”
“Being as how” is even worse. If “because” or “since” are too simple for your taste, you could use “given that” or “in that” instead.
being that 이라는 표현은 표준영어가 아니니 because 로 쓰던지
given/in that 으로 쓰시오 ( 전치사 역할 given)
전치사로 쓰이는 분사 종류; 분사 전치사라 불림
The frequently used Participle Prepositions are :
|