장르 설명 [Column] Shibuya-kei Is Dead

[Mintmuse]

오늘은 음악이 아닌 컬럼을 올려볼까 합니다. gethappy님(http://my.dreamwiz.com/gethappy/)의 홈페이지에 Momus 의 공식 홈페이지에서 발췌한 컬럼 란이 있더군요. 시부야 음악에 대해서 뒤늦게 접한 저로선 나름대로 느끼는 바가 컸구요. 저 뿐만이 아니라 한국의 시부야 리스너 분들 께서도 보시면 좋을 것 같아 올려 드립니다. 그리고 상당한 장문입니다. 세수한번 하시고! 보세요

여담이지만 전 Momus 별로 않좋아 해요-_- 헉! 이 컬럼 쓴사람이 괜히 얄미워서가 아니에요 ㅡㅜ

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[Column] Shibuya-kei Is Dead 

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= [Column] Shibuya-kei Is Dead =

[퍼온이 덧말]

이제 와서 새삼 '시부야계'에 대해 이야기하는 것은, 어쩌면, 그저 시간 낭비에 지나지 않을런지도 모르겠습니다만.. 

97년에 집에 처음으로 인터넷이 연결되었을 때, 제가 하루종일 검색한 단어는 'Shibuya' 혹은 'Shibuya Kei'였고, 요행히 검색된 페이지는 바로 '사어(死語) 대사전'이라는 페이지였습니다. 어차피 스타일이나 유행이란 돌고 도는 것. 그닥 연연해 할 필요는 없는 것임에도, 어쩐지 우울해지는(?) 것이 사실이었습니다. 

우리는 언제나 새로운 것을 동경하고, 쉽게 빠지고, 또 쉽게 변합니다. 비록 이제는 어떤 것도 제대로 지정(指定)할 수 없는 '죽은 말'이 되어버렸다고 해도, 한때 저의 마음을 설레이게 하던 그 '애매한 단어'에게 인사를 나누고, 그렇게 함으로써 보다 진하게 추억으로 간직할 수 있을 것 같아서 이 글을 올립니다. [물론 'rock is dead'라고 말해도 죽지 않는 것은 언제나 죽지 않습니다만;;] 이제는 '시부야계란 무엇인가?' 같은 논쟁을 하기보다는, 장르나 스타일에 얽매이지 않고, 좀더 편한 마음으로 음악을 들을 수 있었으면 좋겠습니다. 

이 글은 Momus의 오피셜 페이지에 올려진 글로, 약간 과격한(?)표현도 있으나, 솔직하게 기술되어 있고, 제가 느낀 바와 어느 정도 통하는(?) 면도 있어서, 무려 1년이란 세월을 고민한 끝에 올립니다;; 읽으시는 분들은 그냥 편하게 읽어주세요. 그리고 실은 Momus에게 이 컬럼을 올려도 되는지 허락을 받지 못했습니다;; - 후에 문제가 된다면 삭제하겠습니다. - 따라서, 위에 사이트에 가셔서 직접보시는 것이 더 좋으리라 생각합니다.

마지막으로 영문을 그대로 올리는 것에 대해서는 양해 바랍니다. 

Shibuya-kei Is Dead 

By Momus

Of course, the Japanese will tell you that the '90s pop movement known as Shibuya-kei is over. It's triumphed, restructured the Japanese music industry, brought fame to eclectic artists like Cornelius, Kahimi Karie and Pizzicato 5 and is now going international.

Already groups on American labels like March, Matador, Emperor Norton, Minty Fresh, or European labels like Berlin's Bungalow, are beginning to sound like Shibuya-kei bands. The mirror the Japanese have held up to the west, a distorting mirror, a selective and filtering vision of our pop culture, is apparently one which can help us to redefine in new and interesting ways what pop is.

We western pop-makers are like the Brothers Grimm. We scribbled a few fairy stories a long time ago. And now they're there, transmuted, misunderstood and built in stone at Tokyo Disneyland, and we're wandering around the theme park in our frock coats murmuring aloud in wonder 'Did we really start this?'

Arkists At The End Of The World

Apres moi le deluge. The flood has come, and it's the end of the world. In the era of global retro we are being engulfed by a plethora of products and styles. Some of us can swim and others are drowining.

The epicenter of global retro culture is Shibuya, the trendy shopping district of west Tokyo which gave Shibuya-kei (literally 'Shibuya style') its name. Here the record shops are the best stocked in the world. Fashions change every five minutes, and the moment a style is invented it's also revived and parodied. Shops and museums are the same thing, and shopping and curating are creative activities on a par with making art.

Pizzicato 5, the groovy sampladelic grandfathers of Shibuya-kei, called their last album 'Happy End Of The World'.

Looking around recently for a name to call the new sort of artists at work in Shibuya-kei pop, I asked pop writer Simon Reynolds what he would call this new type of 'shopping' artist who curates, collects, samples and synthesizes, collates, edits and archives the pop of the west and the pop of the past.

Simon said 'Well, it's a combination of the role of an artist and an archivist, so why not call him an 'archist'?'

I misheard it as 'arkist' and thought of Noah herding his personal selection of animals aboard the ark so that they can escape the flood.

'Yes!' I shouted, 'it's the perfect metaphor! It's got the idea of selection, it's got plethora, it's got apocalypse!'


Japanese Pop Explosion

Think of Coke cans being turned into intricate model steam engines in Africa. Cultural objects are often so much more interesting when taken out of context, misunderstood, or fetishised.

When Ennio Morricone combined his interpretation of American cowboy whistling and guitar playing with memories of the folk arrangements of Sicily and Calabria he came up with a new genre, Spaghetti Western music. When the boys in Daft Punk listened to the thudding 70s dance sounds playing in their parents' bedroom, the mix going clear then muddy again as dad opened and shut the door, they chose deliberately to misunderstand the dynamics of disco, and broke through to the original sound which made their names.

The Japanese music industry is the world's second largest. It is dominated 75% by Japanese groups who sing in Japanese. Despite the best efforts of Japanese record labels, these groups (the kabuki glam of Glay, the bland bossa pop of Dreams Come True) have failed to make the slightest impact on the west.

That's all changed with Shibuya-kei. Pizzicato 5, Cornelius, Kahimi Karie, Takako Minekawa, Cibo Matto, Buffalo Daughter, Yukari Fresh and others now either live in the west or have begun touring Europe and the States intensively, getting rave reviews wherever they go. Articles have appeared recently in all the style mags and newspapers about Japanese pop, and Steve Lamacq's producer, asking me for an interview for a BBC Radio 1 documentary about it, tells me that 'Steve is very excited about the Japanese pop explosion.'

Whereas Britpop was a movement based on the premise that bands signed in Camden had relevance worldwide, and was marketed by an export drive marked by copious use of the union jack, Shibuya-kei (taking place in the same time period in Japan) was all about import. The young Keigo Oyamada of Cornelius, the young Kenji Takimi of Crue-L Records, were CD and vinyl junkies. With no weekly music press exerting the straightjacket pressure of peer group conformity, Keigo and Kenji simply bought whatever records they could afford, disregarding category, period, country of origin and critical endorsement. They bought records with cool sleeves, in languages they couldn't understand.

It wasn't the snobbism of the record collector, it was quite the opposite: the open curiosity of people with absolutely no preconceptions, but a huge appetite for music and the vision and imagination it carries.


Trustafarians From Pluto

Of course, they were helped by two things: the best-stocked record shops in the world, and the kindest parents in the world.

Japanese are a bit like Trustafarians, those trust-funded dreadlocked slummers who 'find themselves' as soap dodgers and road protesters until Daddy is satisfied they're mature enough to inherit the family business.

The older generation of Japanese are the world's biggest savers, with small fortunes in their bank accounts, accumulated through a lifetime of conformity and caution. As if to make up for the freedom and individuality they never had themselves, they give their kids a five year window of freedom between the draconian discipline of high school and the equally draconian discipline of office work and marriage.

And through this precious window the young Japanese fly, travelling the world, getting laid, buying huge quantities of pop records and adopting some of the most outrageous combinations of clothes seen this side of Pluto.

The current youth style in Harajuku, the Camden Town of Tokyo, is called Decora-Chan. Its idol and exemplar is the gap-toothed, candy pink singer and actress Tomoe Shinohara (for whom I wrote a song earlier this year, rejected as being 'too delicate'). The Decora-chan girls wear layers of petticoats they mix with hilariously expensive Vivienne Westwood shoes, absurdly sexy little silk socks, accessories reminiscent of early Madonna or Cyndi Lauper, coloured contact lenses, ludicrous baroque headgear, and transparent bags sporting cute cartoon characters. Their habitual greeting is to raise their right hands in the paw-fist shape of the Shinto cat. They are supercute and listen to groups like Puffy and Smap. You can see photos of them in Japteen magazines like Cutie and Fruits.


They aren't Shibuya-kei, which is better summed up by model and singer Hinano. But they show just how delightfully spoiled and fascinatingly creative Japanese youth still is, even in this time of recession and economic dread.

The Decora-chan girls also hint at the strange collusion which exists in Japanese culture between the hentai (pervert) and the kawai (cute), and point up an interesting parallel between the international indie-zine movement's obsession with innocence and childhood, and the Japanese fascination with the blossomlike transience of youth, which is referred to in its sexual mode as Lolicon (short for Lolita Complex) and in its musical mode as Lolitapop

Making the transition from the provocatively demure sailor-suits of their school uniforms to the baroque mix'n'match of their Decora-chan gear (Marie Antoinette as a cyberpunk milkmaid), Japanese teenage girls go from one highly fetishised image to another. The crucial difference is that one is passive, the other active; one submissive, the other creative. When they get to Shibuya, the schoolgirls speak their own slang, embrace their own fetish status, and shop deliriously in celebration of their new-found freedom to choose its cutest expression‎.


Shopping Is Only Stupid When You Shop Stupidly

When I produced The Poison Girlfriend, a Japanese artist who named herself after one of my early Creation albums, in 1993, I was surprised to hear her say that her favourite artist was a leftfield french avant garde singer from the early '70s called Brigitte Fontaine. I was even more surprised to find that Fontaine's records, all totally out of print in her native France, were on the current catalogue of the Japanese label we were recording the Poison Girlfriend album for, Nippon Columbia.

Flip through a Japanese magazine like H, the fashion, music and people supplement of Rockin' On Japan, and you'll find articles about Rodney Greenblatt, Rita Ackerman, Harmony Korine, Wong Kar Wai... artists who are often obscure or reviled at home, yet are some of the most interesting and risk-taking creative talents around.

It might stem from their huge respect for the craftsmen, the calligraphers and lacquer makers of Japanese history, but it's also partly a reaction to the conformity expected daily of Japanese workers, who have to click their heels and bow to their colleagues all day long, and are only able to escape furtively into apocalyptic mangas on the tube home, or exquisitely perverse S&M pornography. Conformity forces people into a rich underworld of imagination and fantasy.

Maybe my affinity with the Japanese pop scene is based on the fact that I too experienced the discipline of a Prussian military academy at my Scottish boarding school.


Introducing The Bands


In 1994 Crue-L Records asked me to make an EP for Kahimi Karie. It was called 'I Am A Kitten: Kahimi Karie sings Momus in Paris', and was the first of a series of records we continue making to this day. In them I get to be a sort of geographic and gender transvestite, imagining what it must be like to be a beautiful Japanese girl.

Kahimi, the ultimate exemplar of the concept of intelligent shopping as art, has also bought in the services of France's Philippe Katerine and Czerkinsky, Germany's Stereo Total, and Japanese groups like Neil and Eraiza, Cornelius, and Pizzicato 5. It's a bit like flying round the world and coming home with a bag full of Prada and Jeremy Scott.

Takako Minekawa is the Yoko Ono of the scene. Her albums, 'Roomic Cube' and 'Cloudy Cloud Calculator', produced by Buffalo Daughter, set the most retro-futuristic analog synth sounds against weird ruminations on colour theory, personal space, and the secret significance of numbers like 47. Takako also obsesses about cats, owls, Kraftwerk and ping pong. The first of two appealing remix albums, 'Recubed', is due later this year.

Kenji Takimi, the long-toothed eccentric behind the influential Crue-L label, is one of Cornelius's oldest friends. His group, the Crue-L Grand Orchestra, makes 70s cocktail disco records. He portrays himself on the sleeves as a sort of chintzy Andre Previn, baton held aloft, pot belly courtesy of Photoshop (in fact he's as skinny as a paper-panelled sliding door). Shibuya-kei, and groups like The Love Tambourines, have made Takimi a rich man in the last five years. Kahimi Karie's contract, like Beck's, allows her to continue to make records for Crue-L even when she's signed to a major like Polydor.

Neil and Eraiza is the group belonging to Cornelius's live guitarist, Hirohisa Horie. They're attempting to spearhead a tongue-in-cheek Soft Rock revival, somewhere between Todd Haynes' take on The Carpenters and The Ben Folds Five. Yukari Fresh make perky indie electro-disco records. Pizzicato 5 make exemplary futuristic francophile sampladelic bossa pop, each album a fabulous widescreen stereo extravaganza.




The Chief Monkey In Tokyo

It's a digipak gatefold single the shape of an elongated box of matches containing two tiny CDs. On the sleeve there's a photo of Keigo Oyamada playing a theremin which emits waves towards a bust of Beethoven, who is sitting in a field of goofy pink cartoon rabbits looking very serious and very deaf.

The sleevenotes tell you that in order to enjoy the 'byneural' stereo effects of this single, which is called 'Star Fruits Surf Rider', you should play both CDs at the same time in two different CD systems, each with stereo speakers attached. Is the world ready for the return of quad?

Put one of the tiny CDs on and it's a gentle Beach Boys lullaby, decorated with the clipped home organ sounds of the Maestro rhythm unit raved about by the Beastie Boys in a recent edition of Grand Royal, with an intense chorus that gets loud before the soothing soft surf pop returns.

This is the sound and these are the concepts of Cornelius, king monkey of the Shibuya-kei scene. Instead of releasing videos, he curates reels of vector graphics TV commercials from the early 80s, and the high point of his live shows is a theremin rendition of 'Love Me Tender' while Elvis, projected on screens behind, sings the same song in sync.

Keigo Oyamada started the 90s in teen indie band The Flipper's Guitar, who got increasingly psychedelic with each album. He formed Cornelius, named after one of the monkeys in Planet Of The Apes in 1993. Initially an acid jazz group, Cornelius suddenly got gimmicky, postmodern and a lot more interesting on their 1996 album '69/96' and accompanying remix record, '96/69'. (He showed that you could rock hard with irony, too: some of the record sounds like AC/DC).

Cornelius began getting noticed internationally with the excellent follow-up, released last year, 'Fantasma'. His ambition is to produce Michael Jackson. I doubt it will happen, but we can dream...

You can read an interview with him on the web at http://207.51.134.2/~donk/cornelius/interview.html.


Ton-Chi

Cornelius not only 'edits' his music in a way quite different from western bands, chopping it up much more aggressively so that it sounds like a radio being tuned on Short Wave and FM simultaneously, or a film soundtrack, he also 'edits' the west's received ideas about what constitutes pop and rock, what's serious and what's trash.

Cornelius himself calls it ton-chi.

'If there was one thing I wanted Americans to take home it's the Japanese concept of ton-chi, which is derived from Zen Buddhism. It's looking at something and garnering a different answer. It's looking at something from an entirely different perspective.'

Fresh perspectives have often powered new beat booms. Just as the Beatles listened to and synthesised black and white American music, Little Richard and Elvis, while in the US those markets were still segregated by race, so the Japanese have had a unique curatorial take when it comes to the western pop they rate.

If you were to draw a pop map of the west from a Japanese perspective, you'd have to make France a huge girlpop grid (the '60s lolitapop of Hardy and Dutronc, the '70s soft rock schmaltz of Polnareff and lounge pervery of Gainsbourg figure big in the Shibuya-kei blueprint), Brazil a big Bossaland, Sweden wet with lakes and wrapped in a cardigan, America edited down to its east and west coast extremes: Beck, the Beach Boys and the Beastie Boys...

England on our pop map is an elegant sliver of an island, a splash in the silvery North Sea populated by St Etienne, Shampoo, and slim, style-mad visionary eccentrics like Paul Weller, and Mike Alway, who earned a Kahimi Karie tribute single ('Mike Alway's Diary') by posing on the sleeve of one of his el Records compilations in the trans-sexual guise of Edith Sitwell as photographed by Cecil Beaton.


It's Important To Be Trendy

In Britain, when we say someone's trendy, we're usually just a breath away from calling them a fashion victim or implying some moral failing in their dandyism. Look at the verbal and physical abuse heaped on style geniuses like Malcolm McLaren and Leigh Bowery.

The Japanese word for trendy is 'kokoi', and it has an implication of 'cool, fashionable, smart'. The opposite word in Japanese, the word for uncool, 'dasai', has a negative charge of shame. It is simply shameful not to know where it's at.

And so the Japanese keep themselves very well informed. When they travel to the west, they know where to go. They consume culture in a way we, its progenitors and original makers, are too complacent to.



This applies to record labels too. Unlike British record companies, who very rarely sign non-British talent, Japenese labels have been keen to collect the western talent they discover, often neglected, on their trips to the west. The youngest Shibuya-kei label, Escalator, releases compilations like New One 1 & 2 which mix young Japanese groups with older European artists like Czerkinsky, whose '80s group Mikado was an export-only Japanese hit, but who's better known in his native France as the man with the thick loungecore spectacles in certain famous photos by Pierre et Gilles.

Another aspect of Shibuya-kei is the care they take over sleeves, video releases, clothes, websites. One of the best design companies in the world, Contemporary Productions, does a lot of the sleeves. Cornelius has started his own clothing company, Bathing Ape. Pizzicato 5 are also now moving into the area of product design, branding their own range of stationary and furniture.


Shibuya Is Portable

There are all sorts of Shibuya-kei offshoot labels now which aren't even in Japan. Like Bungalow in Berlin, who are internationalising Shibuya-kei by mixing on their roster Japanese groups like Yukari Fresh with German and French acts, like Stereo Total or the Momus-produced Laila France, who have been 'Japonified'. Bungalow's compilations of Japanese pop, 'Sushi 3003' and 'Sushi 4004', curated by Le Hammond Inferno, make an excellent job of packaging J-Pop for the west, and when these records arrive back in Japan even the Japanese look at their own scene differently.

My own work as Momus has been hugely influenced by Shibuya-kei, and especially its resident genius Cornelius. You can read on the Momus website (http://www.demon.co.uk/momus/onshopping.html) about my attempts to ape the Shibuya-kei 'arkists', shopping in London and Tokyo for key ingredients for my new album, the 'analog baroque' 'Little Red Songbook'.

Cornelius and Momus: two great apes aping each other.


An Underground Airport

When I met Cornelius after his recent London gig (press only, which didn't stop a queue of 300 Japanese fans stretching half way down Regent Street) he handed me a copy of Denki Groove mainman Yoshinori Sunahara's solo project 'Take Off And Landing', a lush musical fantasy about an imaginary new airport deep under Tokyo.

A key element for the post-Shibuya-kei artists is their conceptual ambition: it isn't just about chasing dreams of 'classic perfect pop'. It's got to be bigger and stranger than that, a whole vision, a worldview like the one that comes over in the Planet of the Apes films.

This isn't just an artistic strategy, it also has commercial applications, like the clothing line Cornelius has started, Bathing Ape. There's a parallel with powerful New York cultural curators The Beastie Boys, who set their imprimatur on J-Pop through their links with Buffalo Daughter and Cibo Matto. (And now that Sean Lennon is dating Cibo Matto's Yuka Honda, Shibuya-kei has its own Royal Family, with a pedigree going back to the 60s Beat Boom.)


Michael's Wonderland

I believe that certain districts of West Tokyo - Shibuya, Harajuku, Ebisu, Roppongi - are the laboratories of the style of the future, places where curatorial companies like the 3D Corporation, which manages Cornelius and Kahimi Karie, spring up like mushrooms to support dreamers like Cornelius and devise financial structures for bold new styles which one day will spill over to the west.

One of Cornelius's heroes, Michael Jackson, was in Tokyo at the same time I was last week. He told the press that Tokyo was Michael's Wonderland then announced that he would be opening a new theme park and leisure complex there. Several Japanese friends of ours saw him shopping with a couple of bodyguards in Tower Records, Shibuya.

He needn't really have bothered with the bodyguards. Japan is very safe (the greatest menace is getting laden down with tiny, intricately-wrapped gifts).

Jackson is right to be buying into Tokyo: I really think that it's in the accelerated dreamland of Japan, where the 21st century started a good ten years ago, that we're going to discover the freshest new combinations of the games with sound and vision we've been playing in the west in the 20th century.

In Tokyo, it's Disneyland everywhere. And, back in the west, we're the Brothers Grimm.


Read an interview with Cornelius' Keigo Oyamada here.

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[Analozital-LO]

누구 영어 잘하시는 분 없나요...?;;;;

[Mintmuse]

대충..momus는 이렇게 말합니다. 시부야는 .. 일본인의 국민성에서 비롯된 '따라쟁이' 신드롬의 부산물이라는 거죠. 대충 따라하기의 수준을 넘어선 멋진 시부야계 라고 인정하고 있지만 비젼은 썩 밝지않다 라는 내용입니다... 짧게 설명이 어렵네요 아무래도 읽어보셔야--;