유도탄 벨라루스, 중국에서 탄도미사일 M20 수입

[위종민]

https://defence-blog.com/belarus-reportedly-receives-chinese-made-ballistic-missile/

최근 벨라루스 국방부가 폴로네즈-M이라는 지대지 미사일 도입식을 개최했다고 하네요. 도입식에선 미사일은 공개되지 않고, 발사차량만 공개됐는데 벨라루스측의 발표로는 사거리가 최대 300km, 최대 8개의 목표물을 정밀타격할 수 있는데 다탄두란 뜻은 아닐 것 같고 발사차량에 미사일 8발이 실린단 얘긴지?

이 기사의 주장으론 폴로네즈-M은 중국의 DF-12/M20이라고 합니다. 

Belarus reportedly receives Chinese-made ballistic missile

NEWSARMY

ByDylan Malyasov

Nov 16, 2023

Modified date: 6 hours ago

In a recent release, the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus noted the induction ceremony for the new ‘Polonez-M’ rocket launcher.

To mark the acceptance of the new rocket launcher, a ceremonial parade was held involving the personnel of the brigade, attended by the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, Major General Viktor Gulevich.

“Our state’s leadership places significant emphasis on the development of missile forces and artillery, learning from the combat experience of warring armies,” commented the Chief of the General Staff of the Belarusian Armed Forces.

Gulevich highlighted the capabilities of the ‘Polonez-M’ missile system, which can precisely target up to eight objectives simultaneously at a distance of up to 300 kilometers, underscoring its unparalleled features in certain aspects. He congratulated the brigade personnel on acquiring the new upgraded complex with enhanced combat characteristics.

However, during the presentation, only the rocket launchers of the missile complex were showcased without the actual missiles.

It’s worth noting that Belarus does not possess its own long-range rocket production and missile systems. The ‘Polonez’ complex was developed with the use of Chinese-made rockets and ammunition.

This new version of ‘Polonez’ seems adapted for use with the M20 solid-fueled ballistic missile with a claimed range of 280 kilometers.

The M20, also known as DF-12, was specifically designed for export by the 9th Academy of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) and was first introduced at the 10th International Defense Exhibition and Conference (IDEX) in 2011.

Earlier, this missile was exhibited in 2017 alongside the ‘Polonez’ complex in Minsk, the capital of Belarus.

Reports indicate that the missile is capable of maneuvering in flight, executing a pull-up maneuver in the terminal phase. Utilizing GPS and inertial guidance, the missile boasts an accuracy of up to a Circular Error Probable (CEP) of 30 meters, although other reports suggest a 50-meter CEP.

Similar to the Russian ‘Iskander-E’, the export variant of the M20 cannot exceed a range of 300 km/500 kg and the threshold value of payload, as stipulated by the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), an agreement limiting the export of advanced missile technologies.

DF-12는 중국 외에 카타르에도 팔렸네요. 수출용은 MTCR에 따라 사거리가 280km로 제한되나 중국군에서 운용중인 모델은 사거리가 420km 이상이라고 합니다. 

https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/df-12/

DF-12 / M20

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Last Updated 

July 31, 2021

Originally designed for export, the DF-12 (M20 / CSS-X-15) is a single-stage, solid-fueled ballistic missile with an advertised range of 280 km.1

The missile was first offered for sale in 2011 and entered service with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in 2013. Domestic variants of the missile are estimated to reach ranges over 400km.2

DF-12 / M20 at a GlanceORIGINATED FROMChinaPOSSESSED BYChina, QatarALTERNATE NAMESM20, CSS-X-15, A/MGG-2CLASSShort-range Ballistic MissileBASINGRoad-mobile Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL)LENGTH7.3 mDIAMETER0.92LAUNCH WEIGHT4010 kgPAYLOAD480 kgWARHEADHigh-explosive, submunition, earth-penetrator, thermobaricPROPULSIONSingle-stage solid propellantRANGE280-420 kmSTATUSDeployedIN SERVICE2013

• DF-12 near TEL.
• A model M20 / DF-12
• DF-12 in flight.

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DF-12 Development

The DF-12 was built for export by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation’s (CASIC) 9th Academy and was first revealed at the 10th International Defence Exhibition and Conference (IDEX) in 2011 unde r designation M20. Videos shown at the event indicate that the weapon had been flight-tested before that date.3

Following its debut, CASIC exhibited the M20 at several international defense exhibitions, including IDEX and the Zhuhai Air Show. In 2017, Belarus exhibited a domestically-assembled variant of the M20 for its ‘Polonaise’ MLRS at the MILEX arms exhibition.4

CASIC then displayed the missile at the Kazakhstan Defense Exhibition in 2018 and in Minsk in 2019.5

CASIC displayed two new variants of the DF-12 at the Zhuhai Air Show in 2018: The M20A and M20B. Described as a “high-precision” variant, the M20A appears to have an optical sensor for terminal guidance. The M20B is an anti-ship variant.6

Specifications

Reaching a maximum altitude of 50 km, the DF-12 / M20 has a range of 280 km. The missile is also reportedly capable of maneuvering in flight, performing a pull-up maneuver before the terminal phase. Using GPS and inertial guidance, the missile is accurate to a Circular Error Probable (CEP) of 30m, though other reports suggest a 50m CEP.7

According to CASIC, two DF-12s are carried on each wheeled transporter-erector-launcher (TEL). Each TEL can be readied for launch within ten minutes. A typical M20 battalion consists of 1 command vehicle, 1 support vehicle, 9 TELs, and 9 loading vehicles.8

The DF-12s produced for domestic use could possess a much longer range. Like Russia’s Iskander-E, the M20 export variant stops short of exceeding the 300km/500kg range and payload threshold mandated by the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), an agreement to limit exports of advanced missile technologies. However, units intended for domestic use are not limited by MTCR requirements. Much as Russia’s domestic Iskander variant—the Iskander-M—possesses a much longer range than its export version, DF-12s intended for domestic service may have ranges greater than 420 km.9

Service History

The DF-12 entered service with China’s People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force in August 2013. Qatar is the only other known operator of the missile, which it first displayed publicly at its National Day celebrations in December 2017.10

Footnotes

[엽군]

미사일 체계라는 표현 뒤에 거의 동시에 8개 표적을 타격할 수 있다라고 할 수 있으니, 이해 하신대로 4연장 발사관 2개 붙여둔 발사대 하나에서 순차적으로 쏴서 순차적으로 타격할 수 있다로 해석하면 되겠네요.

[위종민]

네 쓰고 나서 M20 TEL 사진을 보니 4연장 2개를 붙여놨더라구요.