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Index
Adjective Modifiers
Adjective Summary: an index of summary content of adjective and modifier practices | |
Adjective Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Adjective Order: putting modifiers in natural sounding word order; a big, new, shiny, red wagon | |
Number Modifiers: using numbers as adjectives; a five-course meal, a six-step ladder | |
Noun Modifiers: using nouns as adjectives; four-wheel drive | |
Modifiers to adjectives: quantities and adverbs: two feet high / tall / long; color modifiers: moss green, emerald green | |
Making comparisons: describing similarities and differences; the same, alike, unlike, different from, similar to | |
Same…as / As…as: comparing the similarity of two items; the same (noun) as, as (adj / adv) as | |
More than / -er than: comparing the quality of two items or the manner of two actions: more, less, -er ,than | |
Most / -est: indicating the unique quality of an item in a group or unique manner of an action; most, least, -est, of all, ever | |
Much / More: increasing the amount of something; much, more, too, many more and much more | |
Fewer / Less: decreasing the amount of something; fewer, less, count, non count nouns | |
Nationality Names (Demonyms): referring to a person from a country (nouns and adjectives) | |
Participial Adjectives 1: agent vs. receiver; amused vs. amusing; -ed vs. -ing endings | |
Participial Adjectives 2: ongoing vs. completed; a roasting vs. roasted chicken; -ed vs. -ing endings | |
Participial Adjective Quiz: auto-correcting quiz; surprised vs. surprising, aged vs. aging |
Adjective Clauses
Adjective Clause Summary: an index of summary content of adjective clause (relative clauses, modifying clause) practices | |
Adjective Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
That: adding a descriptive clause for an inanimate noun ; that | |
Who & Whom: adding a descriptive clause for an animate noun | |
Whose: adding descriptive information for possessive nouns: whose | |
Of Which / With: adding possessive clauses (inanimate): of which, with, that, whose | |
When / Where: adding descriptive information for time or place: when, where and in/on/at which | |
Wh-ever: using an indefinite pronoun to add a modifying clause: whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however | |
All of Which: using a quantity phrase to add a modifying clause: all of which / some of whom | |
That vs. Which: adding a modifying clause to identify which noun; restrictive vs. non-restrictive; that, which | |
Some or All: restrictive vs. nonrestrictive clauses; using commas | |
Which Clauses: using which to modify an entire clause; which (all of the preceding clause) vs. that (preceding noun) | |
That + [be] Deletion: removing wordiness from descriptive clauses: [who is] living | |
Present Participial Phrases: Removing wordiness from descriptive clauses: [who lives] living | |
Adjective clause quiz: modifying clauses for possessives and quantifiers: whose, some of whose | |
Related pages |
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Participial Phrases 1: reducing clauses to modifying phrases: was located / located | |
Participial Phrases 2: reducing clauses to modifying phrases: served as / serving as | |
Review of chapter 13 in Azar v.3 "Understanding and Using English Grammar" |
Adverbs
Adverb Summary: an index of summary content of adverb practices | |
Adverb Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Adverb Uses: modifiers to other words; words modified by adverbs and word order | |
Adverbs for Manner: telling how something is done: uses, word forms, spellings, adverb list, exceptions | |
Adverbs for Manner: telling how something is done: placement within a sentence, word order, sentence adverbs | |
Adverbs for Time: telling when an action happens: aspects of time; present, past, future, present perfect, progressive; next week | |
Adverbs Frequency: telling how often an action happens: usually, often, frequently, occasionally, rarely, hardly ever, never | |
Adverbs for Place: expressing movement in a particular direction: out, out of, outside, behind, back, backward, etc. | |
Adverbs of degree: intensifiers, modifying verbs, adverbs and adjectives: rather, extremely, totally; so, such, too, very, enough | |
Splitting Verbs: deciding on adverb placement; word order options, variations based of adverb type | |
After / Before: adverbs used in mixed time frames - before, after, as soon as, when, while, as | |
By the Time: comparing relative events; future perfect: by the time | |
When / While: Introducing clauses of same-time activity: when, while | |
Adverb Phrases: shortening clauses to modifying phrases: when, while, before, after | |
Because Phrases: shortening because-clauses : same-time, earlier time | |
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Agreement
Agreement Summary: an index to summary content of sentence agreement practices | |
Agreement Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Regular Plural Nouns: plural noun markers ending in -S: -s, -es, -ies, -ves | |
Irregular Plural Nouns: plural noun markers with other endings: -ee-, -en, -oes, -a, -ae, -ices, -i; varieties: fish vs. fishes | |
Irregular Plural Noun Practice: with irregular plural suffixes; -i, oes, -a, -es, -ves | |
Irregular Agreement: recognizing unusual singular or plural forms– exceptions; irregular agreement: English is vs. the English are | |
Final -S Practice: editing nouns and verbs for final -S / -ES; Final S sounds Listening for final -s [s] / [z] in words (audio) | |
3rd Person Agreement: agreement spelling patterns, irregular forms, checking verbs for agreement: third-person, final -s | |
Count/ Noncount: referring to mass nouns or units: money vs. dollars, coins, cents (the, this, that, these, those) | |
Group Nouns: referring to items collectively: equipment – computers; candy – candy bars | |
Count-Noncount Noun Practice 1: sentences with group (mass) nouns vs. items in the group: jewelry vs. rings | |
Count-Noncount Noun Practice 2: paragraph : lessons – homework; messages – communication | |
Quantity Phrases: indicating how much or how many: some of, all of, the/a number of, none, neither...nor | |
Some / Any: indicating an indefinite quantity or number: some, any | |
Much/ Many: indicating quantity for count and noncount nouns much, many, so much, so many, much more, many more | |
Little / Few: indicating an insufficient amount: little, a little, few, a few | |
Food Quantifiers: referring to specific amounts: slice, cup, stick, bottle, spoonful ; pig - pork; calf–veal | |
Complex Agreement: agreement in sentences with clauses and phrases; The monkey under the bananas is hiding. | |
There Agreement: using singular-plural agreement with there | |
Pronouns: using a pronoun to refer to a noun : he, she, we, they — him, her, us, them | |
Indefinite pronouns: using agreement with possessive pronouns: everyone has his / their hat; gender neutral phrasing | |
Reflexive pronouns: referring to oneself; referring to all or part: myself, yourself, himself, herself, oneself, itself, ourselves | |
Possessive Pronouns: indicating possession for people or groups: girl's vs. girls' | |
Possessive Pronouns: indicating ownership: his, hers, ours, theirs; generalizations: one-one's, you-your (impersonal) , they-their | |
Common Mistakes: top 20 agreement errors: Everyone is; two percent is; two-thirds of the book(s) is/are | |
Gender Neutral Agreement: using pronouns that include persons of both male and female genders: Everyone has his vs. their hat. | |
Sentence Edit: editing for articles, pronouns and singular-plural agreement | |
Paragraph Editing: using agreement within an essay | |
Agreement in Context: Identifying subject-verb agreement | |
Chapter Review: singular – plural agreement – Azar - Chapters 6, 7, 8 box-by-box review |
Articles
Article Summary: an index to summary content of article practices | |
Articles Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
A – Unspecific: referring to one as an example of all | |
A – Specific: referring to one in particular | |
All / The – class: Making generalizations about the group | |
The – Class / A – Unspecific: stating quality, characteristics and behavior; the lion vs. a lion | |
All / The – Specific: referring to all vs. a specific, identified one; People (all)/ The people (specific) | |
The – Earlier Mention: referring to an already known noun | |
The – Included Parts: in a city: the fire department, the doctor, the police department | |
The –Later Mention: identified by information after the noun | |
The - Shared Knowledge: a noun identified by other means-uniqueness, name, or shared knowledge | |
A - Nationality Names (Demonyms): referring to a person from a country (nouns and adjectives) | |
The – Landmarks: The Statue of Liberty, The Golden Gate Bridge | |
The – Geographical Features: The San Joaquin Valley | |
The – Countries: The Republic of China, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates | |
Most / Most of the: referring to a quantity of an uspecific or specific group | |
Another/ The other: referring to one more or the rest | |
First / Second Mention: a unidentified - the identified (indefinite-definite) | |
The – many ways in which nouns can be identified (definite) | |
Special Uses of the: wars, eras, dates, worlds events | |
The – Superlatives: stating a unique degree of a noun; the best movie, the worst acting | |
Known or New? The, A, no marker Sentence editing | |
Speaking in General: sentence rephrasing; discussing furniture: in general or specific article use | |
Paragraph Edit: A restaurant review; fill the blanks in with articles | |
In Context: Identifying article use; a 3-step process to determine which article to use; luxury items on Survivor TV show. | |
PRINTED PRACTICES |
Conditional & Hypothetical Tenses
Conditional Summary: an index to summary content of conditional practices | |
Conditional Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Present & Future Real Situations: cause-effect facts, predictions, intent and requests: if, will, can, be going to, should, happen | |
Present & Past Real Situations: cause-effect habits & customs; ; hypothetical statements: if, whenever | |
Present Unreal Situations: strategizing with hypothetical statements; if, could, might, would | |
Past Unreal Situations 1: analyzing with hypothetical statements; if, had had, would have | |
Past Unreal Situations 2: analyzing an accident: if, could have, would have | |
Should / Could have: late advice: analyzing past options and determining importance; should have, could have | |
Mixed Tenses: hypothetical situations in mixed time frames: If you had fed the dog, she wouldn't be hungry now. | |
Implied Conditions: a real or unreal situation? If he has time, Jack will/ would cut the grass. | |
Wishes: expressing wishes, regrets, upset, lost opportunity: wish, wish vs. if only! | |
Wish Agreement: tense agreement in conditional statements: My father wished I had gone / would go. | |
If / Unless: expressing conditions for desirable outcomes: if, unless, otherwise, only if vs. If only | |
If / Whether: stating a condition vs. an alternative: if, whether | |
Omitting if: giving advice in hypothetical situations; rephrasing an if-clause: had, should, were | |
If / In Case: stating a conditioned vs. a precautionary action in the event, in case and should |
Confusing Word Pairs (Troublesome Verbs)
Confusing Words Summary: an index to summary content of paired-word practices | |
Accept / Except: Is the action one of approving or rejecting? | |
Affect / Effect: Is it the cause or result? | |
Another / The other: Is it "one more" or "the rest"? | |
Because / Though: Is it an expected or unexpected outcome? | |
During / In: Is it a time with duration or an exact time? | |
Even / Even though: Are you emphasizing something or stating an unexpected outcome? | |
For / Since: Is it a quantity of time or a specific time? | |
Fewer / Less: Are you decreasing the amount of a count or noncount noun? | |
If / In case: Is it a conditioned action or a precaution? | |
If only / Only if: Is it a regretful wish or a particular condition? | |
If / Unless: Will the desired outcome be favorable or unfavorable? | |
If /Whether: Is it a condition or an alternative? | |
Lie / Lay: Who is lying down – the subject or the object? | |
Little / Few: Is the quantity a "count" or a "noncount" noun? | |
Like / As: Are you comparing something to a noun or to a clause? | |
Make / Do: Is the action "creating" or "performing"? | |
Most / Most of the: Is the quantity or number for an unspecific or specific group? | |
Much / Many: Is it a quantity for a count or a noncount noun? | |
Much / More: Are you increasing the amount of a count or noncount noun? | |
Rise / Raise: Who/What is rising – the subject or the object? | |
Say / Tell: Are you quoting or reporting? | |
Sit / Set: Who/What is sitting – the subject or the object? | |
So that / So…that: Are you stating purpose or emphasizing the quality of something? | |
Some / Any: Is it a quantity in a positive or a negative sentence? | |
Use to / Be used to: Is it a former habit or a habit you are becoming accustomed to? | |
When / While: Is it a simultaneous activity of short or long duration? | |
Phrasal verbs (two-word verbs): do up, get up, give up, go after, have over, let on, look up, make over, etc. |
Connectors
Connector Summary: an index to summary content of connector, conjunction and transition word practices | |
Connector Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
FANBOYS: joining independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions; for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so | |
And/ In addition: joining sentence elements and sentences; and, as well as, and also, In addition, moreover, furthermore, besides | |
And so / too: shortening a repeated verb in a joined clause: and so do I, and I do too, but I don't | |
Both...and: joining sentence elements with paired conjunctions; both...and, either... or, not only...but also, neither...nor, (or else) | |
But / But still: stating contrast or contrary outcome; but, but still, while, whereas, in contrast to, yet, even so | |
But not / Except new |
But not / Except: stating an exception: but not, but for, nothing but, all but, except, except for, cannot help, cannot but, cannot help but |
But / Though: expressing defeat versus challenge; implied meanings; but vs. though | |
Because of / In spite of: using adverbial prepositional phrases to introduce "cause"; because vs. because of ; though vs. in spite of | |
Consequently: using a transition word to introduce an effect clause; consequently, therefore, as a result, for this reason, due to | |
Because / Though: expected and unexpected outcomes; because, though | |
So that / Such that: emphasizing qualities and characteristics; so . . . that & such . . . that | |
So Phrases: expressing purpose, cause-effect, or resultt; so that, so... that | |
Cause-Effect Review: expressing a cause and effect relationship; because, since, consequently, therefore, as a result, so | |
Indeed / Even: emphasizing unexpected or extraordinary details indeed, in fact, even, even though, even if whether or not | |
Connector Review: conjunctions, adverbs, and transition words; addition, alternative, cause-effect, comparison, condition, contrast, emphasis | |
Connector Edit: finding conjunction, adverb and transition word errors; but, even, not only, because | |
Connector Paragraph: transitioning from one idea to the next; main cause, as a result, because | |
Parallel Phrasing: joining like items with and and but; My English is improving slowly but surely. | |
Sentence Editing: correcting connector use: connectors, transitions, sentence boundaries and punctuation | |
Adverbial Phrases: shortening clauses to modifying phrases; before, after, while, when, since | |
Because Phrases: shortening because-clauses to modifying phrases; earlier and later time frames | |
Run-on Sentences: punctuating simple and complex sentences | |
Fragments: recognizing complete versus incomplete sentences |
Diagnostic Quizzes
Diagnostic Summary: an index to summary content of diagnostic practices | |
BEGINNING: A grammar diagnostic page with study links. | |
BEGINNING: A grammar diagnostic page with study links. | |
BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links. | |
BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links. | |
BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links. | |
BEGINNING-INTERMEDIATE: Intermediate grammar diagnostic page with study links. | |
SECTION DIAGNOSTICS |
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Adjective Diagnostic Quiz; a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Adjective Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Adverb Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Agreement Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Articles Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Conditional Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Connector Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Gerund Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Infinitive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Modal Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Noun Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Passive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Past Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Preposition Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Present Perfect Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Present Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Adjective clause – auto-correcting quiz | |
INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Modals – auto-correcting quiz | |
INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Noun clauses – auto-correcting quiz | |
INTERMEDIATE-ADVANCED: Reported speech – auto-correcting quiz | |
ADVANCED POINTS |
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ADVANCED: Sentence examples that focus on improving awkward word choice or phrasing in English |
Gerunds
Gerund Summary: an index of summary content of gerund practices | |
Gerund Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Gerund Subjects: referring to activities; parallel phrasing, bulleted lists, spelling adding -ing | |
Gerunds Objects: expressing attitudes about activities | |
Verbal Phrases before Gerunds: commenting on activities; insisted on going ; looking forward to seeing | |
Gerunds with Indirect Objects: expressing attitudes about activities | |
By / With: stating means and methods; by verb+ing, with a noun | |
For Followed by Gerunds: stating function by verb+ing, for verb+ing, to+verb | |
Prepositions Followed by Gerunds: stating activities: about, against, after, before, by, for, from instead of, without | |
Special Verbs Before -ing: stating observations, perceptions and opinion on experiences; see, hear, find, catch, watch, sit, stand, etc. | |
Gerund / Infinitive Practice 1: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives | |
Gerund / Infinitive Practice 2: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives | |
Verbal Phrases 1: verbs + preposition phrases: about, against, after, for, etc. | |
Verbal Phrases 2: verbs + preposition phrases: put off doing, keep from hearing, etc. | |
Verbal Phrases 3: verbs + preposition phrases | |
By / With Practice: means or method | |
Parallel Gerunds: using similar word forms in a series | |
Gerunds in Context: identifying gerund use |
Infinitives
Infinitive Summary: an index of summary content of infinitive practices | |
Infinitive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Infinitive Subjects: referring to activities, quotes and definitions; to be or not to be | |
Infinitives as Objects: expressing intent and wishes; hope, wish, like, expect | |
Infinitives with Indirect Objects: getting other people to do things; also, have, do, let, make | |
Infinitive Commands: imposing one's will on others; advised, order, command, expect | |
It takes + Infinitive: expressing how much is needed; it takes X + infinitive | |
Too / Enough: stating minimum and maximum requirements; too, enough | |
Adjectives +Infinitives: expressing feelings and reactions; happy to see; amazed to find | |
It's + Adjective + Infinitive: expressing opinion; It's difficult, easy, important, impossible to… | |
In Order + Infinitive: stating purpose: in order to… | |
In Context: identifying infinitives in an article | |
Related Pages |
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Gerund / Infinitive Practice 1: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives | |
Gerund / Infinitive Practice 2: verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives | |
Splitting Verbs: optimizing adverb placement; the split infinitive argument |
Modal Verbs
Modal Summary: an index of summary content of modal practices | |
Modal Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Will / Might: expressing degrees of certainty: will, may, might could, may have, might have | |
Will / Would: expressing intent, expectation, refusal and disappointment: will, be going to | |
Would: stating preference, request, habit or excuse: would, would have, would rather have | |
Should: expressing expectation, convention or advice: should, will be, supposed to, ought to, should have | |
Could / Should: offering options and advice should, should have, could, could have | |
Should/ Must: expressing advisability and necessity; should, ought to, should have, must, had to, needed to | |
Must/Must have: making guesses, inferences and conclusions: might /might have vs. must / must have | |
Can/ Could: expressing physical, mental and potential ability: can, could, be able to | |
May/ Can: requesting permission and offering suggestions: may, can, could, would, shall, let's | |
Modal Agreement: complex sentences with mixed time frames: will, would, be-going-to, so that, said that, which, who, if ... then | |
Future Perfect: making predictions: will finish, will have finished | |
Modal Review: meanings in present and past tense; | |
Modal Practice: Means the Same! | |
Modal Quiz: auto-correcting quiz | |
Modals in Context: identify modals and tense use in the context of an article | |
Related Pages |
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By the time: comparing relative events | |
Should / Could have: late advice: analyzing past options and determining importance; should have, could have |
Noun Clauses
Noun Clause Summary : index of summary content of embedded-question, statement, and command practices | |
Noun Clause Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Wh Question Clauses: Changing wh- questions to reported speech; tense agreement She asked me how I was. | |
Yes-No Question Clauses: Changing questions answered by yes or no to reported speech; She asked me if I was sick. | |
Command Clauses: Changing commands to reported speech (subjunctive verb form) | |
Statement Clauses: changing statements to reported speech (quoted speech); same vs. earlier -time agreement. | |
Synonyms for Said: other words for reported speech; formal vs. informal agreement | |
That / What Clauses: using an entire clause as the subject of a sentence | |
It / There: Indicating weather, time, distance or existence | |
Chapter 12 review: noun clauses | |
Noun Clause Quiz: auto-correcting quiz | |
Reported Speech Quiz: auto-correcting quiz | |
Related Pages |
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Infinitive Commands: imposing one's will on others; advised, order, command, expect |
Passive Voice
Passive Summary: an index of summary content of passive verb practices | |
Passive Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Focus on the Object: changing the object to the subject of the sentence; I was born (beginning – intermed. practice) | |
Focus on the Project: focusing on the collective work rather than the team (intermed. – advanced practice) | |
By Phrases: deciding when to include the "agent" | |
Indirect Objects as Subjects: placing emphasis on the receiver of the action | |
Never Passive: intransitive and stative verbs with no passive voice: happen | |
Get Passives: understanding the subtle meanings of using get in passive sentences: It's not my fault; I did it myself; I got it done | |
Participial Adjectives 1: describing someone or something as the cause or the receiver of an emotion; amused vs. amusing; -ed vs. -ing endings | |
Participial Adjectives 2: describing things with adjectives indicating ongoing versus completed states a roasting vs. roasted chicken; -ed vs. -ing | |
Participial Adjective Quiz: auto-correcting quiz | |
Participial Adjectives and Prepositions: describing emtional reactions; interested in, surprised at | |
Participles+Prepositions Practice: known for; concerned with; accustomed to | |
Participial Phrases 1: reducing clauses to modifying phrases: was located / located | |
Participial Phrases 2: reducing clauses to modifying phrasess: served as / serving as | |
Been / Being: contrast the sounds/words; been and being | |
Passive in Context: identifying passive sentences in the context of an article |
Past & Past Perfect Tenses
Past Summary: an index of summary content of past practices | |
Past Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Past Complete: reporting past activities or events | |
Past Progressive: temporary past activities and setting background information | |
Past Habits: past behavior vs. habits, past states of possession, mind, being: would, used to | |
Reporting Source: telling source or emotional impact | |
Past Series: reporting a past series of events | |
Past Perfect & Progressive: contrasting earlier events from later events; past adverbs: before, after, when | |
Past Perfect Edit: using the past tenses in context | |
Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: awake - lay | |
Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: let - wear |
Prepositions
Preposition Summary: an index of summary content of preposition practices | |
Preposition Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Prepositions for Time: relating when: in, on, at | |
Prepositions for place: relating where – in, on, at, aside, beneath, among, etc. | |
Paragraph Practice: using preposition of time and place: in, on, at | |
During / In: expressing duration vs. exact time: during, in | |
For / Since: Indicating a quantity of time vs. a specific time: for, since | |
Phrasal Verbs: using two-word verb expressions: go about, go at, go away, go down, go off, go on, go out of, go over, go with. | |
Related Pages |
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Adverbs for Place: expressing movement in a particular direction: out, out of, outside, behind, back, backward, etc. | |
Gerunds Objects: expressing attitudes about activities | |
Verbal Phrases before Gerunds: commenting on activities; insisted on going ; looking forward to seeing | |
Gerunds with Indirect Objects: expressing attitudes about activities | |
Participial Adjectives and Prepositions: describing emtional reactions; interested in, surprised at | |
Verbal Phrases 1: verbs + preposition phrases: about, against, after, for, etc. | |
Verbal Phrases 2: verbs + preposition phrases: put off doing, keep from hearing, etc. | |
Verbal Phrases 3: verbs + preposition phrases | |
Participles+Prepositions Practice: known for; concerned with; accustomed to |
Present & Present Progressive Tenses
Present Tense Summary: an index of summary content of present tense practices | |
Present Tense Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
General Truth: referring to occurrences in nature; stating facts vs. making observations: turns vs. is turning | |
General Truth Practice: talking about weather; El Niño: is happens, comes, comes, drops | |
At the Moment: indicating temporary activities; am, is, am working, am taking, am having | |
Habits, Customs and Routines: referring to current activities – temporary vs. permanent; are preparing, are celebrating | |
Present Progressive: temporary habit or at the moment of speaking; is jogging / is listening -- is studying/ is taking classes | |
Scheduled Events: indicating planned acitivites and events; the exhibition returns / is returning / will return | |
States of Being: indicating existence and changes in states of existence; is, looks, seems, appears, resembles, becomes, gets, acts | |
Sensory States: indicating sensations and perceptions; hear, see, sounds, tastes, feels | |
Mental States: indicating thinking, cognition and attitude; knows, believes, thinks, understands, recognizes, remembers, etc. | |
Possessive States: indicating possession or ownership; have, belong, possess, own, hold | |
Emotional States: expressting emotional states; surprise, impress, please, astonish, amaze | |
Measurement States: meaurement, weight, distance, height and count; measures, reaches, weighs, consists of, contains, includes, etc. | |
Tense Sequence: comparing near and future events; before, after, as soon as, while, when etc. | |
Present Tense Narration: story telling; "This guy walks into a bar.." | |
Verbs with Indirect Objects: indicating receivers of actions; me, to me, for me (dative verbs) | |
Present In Context: identifying present tense verbs | |
Related Page |
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Confusing Word Pairs: make/do, say/tell, lie/lay, rise/raise, sit/set | |
Never Passive: intransitive and stative verbs with no passive voice: happen | |
After / Before: adverbs used in mixed time frames - before, after, as soon as, when, while, as |
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Summary: an index of summary content of present perfect tense practices | |
Present Perfect Diagnostic Quiz: a diagnostic quiz to identify specific grammar points that need review | |
Up to Now: focusing on duration: for, since, so far, to date | |
Duration/ Repetition: indicating continuous vs. reoccurring activity: several times | |
Permanent/ Temporary: Indicating long- or short-term activity: since, ever since, for, this morning, all morning | |
Experience: referring to an action or activity in the unspecified past: ever, never, before | |
Ongoing: referring to an activity in progress | |
Just/ Recently: relating the past to the present time frame: recently, just, lately | |
Already/ Yet: activities that occur sooner or later than expected: already, yet | |
Implied Meanings: using adverb clues to understanding meaning | |
Present State-of-Mind: connecting the past to the present | |
Sentence Practice: matching verb tense and adverbs: up to now, so far, since, this year, in my life; last year, yesterday, then | |
Paragraph Practice: matching verb tense with adverbs | |
For/ Since: Indicating a quantity of time vs. a specific time | |
Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: awake - lay | |
Past/ Participle Verb Forms: practice using irregular verb forms: let - wear |
Punctuation
Review
Review Summary: an index of summary content of review practices | |
Chapter review of singular-plural agreement (follows Azar v.3 text chapters) | |
Chapter review of noun clauses | |
Chapter review of adjective clauses | |
Chapter review of adverbials and other miscellaneous words and phrases | |
Chapter review of sentence connectors and coordinators | |
Writing
Writing Summary: an index of summary content of writing and composition practices | |
Planning Guide: foundation work for writing (pyramid) | |
Focusing Your Topic: selecting a reasonable amount as a topic | |
Topic Thesis: creating your thesis sentence | |
Introductions: writing four types | |
Spatial Organization: narrating your story effectively | |
Copyright, Ethics & Fair Use: giving credit to other people's work | |
Fair Use Practice: determining what is or isn't copyrighted | |
Plagiarism: strategies for avoiding plagiarism | |
Plagiarism Examples: identifying plagiarized work from an example paragraph | |
Citing Your Sources: What is MLA Style? Examples of in-text and bibliographic citations; resources | |
Citation Order: practice arranging elements into proper citation order | |
Citation Practice: identifying correctly written citations | |
Web Page Evaluation Criteria: separating fact from fiction; resources | |
Web Page Evaluation Practice: web page criteria |